Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shafey TM et al. | 2006 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | weight of the lymphoid organs and immune response in chickens | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 18 days | electric field, 50/60 Hz |
Soffritti M et al. | 2010 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | mammary cancer | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 19 h/day from day 12 of fetal life (pregnancy) until spontaneous death of offspring | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
Soffritti M et al. | 2016 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | occurrence of tumors in rats | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 19 hours/day from the 12<sup>th</sup> day of pregnancy until death | magnetic field, co-exposure |
Kabacik S et al. | 2013 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body | gene expression | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 2 hours | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Björasen AM et al. | 2004 | intact cell/cell culture, K562 cells (human erythroleukemic cell line), animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body | survival/mortality | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 20 min (MF) and 75 min (UV-C) | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
Di Carlo AL et al. | 1999 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 20 min or 96 h | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
Mohamed GM et al. | 2015 | animal, chicken/Leghorn (eggs) | properties of red blood cells and hemoglobin | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 20 minutes | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Rageh MM et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | DNA strand breaks in brain cells; chromosome damage in bone marrow cells, cytotoxicity in brain and bone marrow cells; oxidative stress | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h/day on 30 days | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Moses GC et al. | 1993 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 3 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Woodbine L et al. | 2015 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6 (embryo), whole body | double-strand breaks in the embryonic mouse brain | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 3 hours prior to and up to 9 hours after X-radiation | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
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