Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

857 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    314 studies
  2. Other
    302 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

302 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    146 studies
  2. Low frequency
    112 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    56 studies

Radio frequency 146 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Bosquillon de Jenlis A et al. 2020 - - 900 MHz - - RF, CW continuous wave, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Vargová B et al. 2021 invertebrate - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF
Vilic M et al. 2017 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), whole body - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, AM amplitude modulation
Tümkaya L et al. 2022 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Sarapultseva EI et al. 2023 - - 900 MHz - - RF
Salameh M et al. 2022 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryos and newborns) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Kilic A et al. 2023 animal, rat/Wistar albino (adults and young animal) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Tüfekci KK et al. 2023 animal, rat/ Wistar albino - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Vilić M et al. 2024 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone base station
Kayabasoglu G et al. 2011 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body effects on the auditory system (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) 900–1,800 MHz 0.851–0.934 W/kg continuous for 6 h/day on 30 days mobile phone, mobile communications
Nisbet HO et al. 2016 - - 900–1,800 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Smith-Roe SL et al. 2020 animal, mouse/B6C3F1/N, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 900–1,900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, CDMA, mobile phone
Galal FH et al. 2022 invertebrate, mosquito (<i>Culex pipiens</i>) - 900–1,900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, 4G, mobile phone
Bozok S et al. 2023 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 900–2,100 MHz - - mobile communications, RF
Yuksel M et al. 2016 - - 900–2,450 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Nik Abdull Halim NMH et al. 2024 invertebrate, yellow fever mosquito (<i>Aedes aegypti</i>) (eggs) - 900 MHz–18 GHz - - mobile communications, 5G, millimeter waves, RF
Kwon MS et al. 2010 human, partial body: left and right side of the head (temporal area) event-related potentials/mismatch negativity, auditory sensory memory of children 902 MHz 0.82–1.21 W/kg 6 min blocks, 3 blocks on one ear - then 3 blocks on the other ear; each three block sequence consisted of one block EMF off, 2 blocks EMF on mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Lindholm H et al. 2011 human, partial body: head (right ear) head temperature 902.4 MHz 0.66–4.3 W/kg continuous for 15 min digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Furtado-Filho OV et al. 2014 animal, rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) (embryo and young animal), whole body oxidative stress in the liver 950 MHz 0.01–0.88 W/kg 30 minutes/day for 21 days during pregnancy UHF fields
Thalau HP et al. 2003 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body temperature changes 1.25 GHz - 1 to 2 h per day for 21 days RF
Masuda H et al. 2015 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - 1,457 MHz - - mobile communications, PDC, microwaves
Anderson LE et al. 2004 animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body, partial body: head (from day 35 of age through 2 years) cancer 1.62 GHz 0.06–1.6 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, for about 27 days mobile communications, IRIDIUM
Tripathi R et al. 2022 animal, rat/ Wistar albino - 1,760 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Tripathi R et al. 2023 animal, rat/ Wistar albino - 1,760 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Tripathi R et al. 2024 - - 1.76–1.92 GHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure