Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kıran D et al. | 2017 | animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals) | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, mobile phone |
Lary JM et al. | 1986 | - | - | 27.12 MHz | 10.8 W/kg | 10 to 40 min. on gestation day 9 | RF field |
Laudisi F et al. | 2012 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body: <i>in utero</i> | pregnancy outcome, number/proliferation of T-cells in thymus and spleen (peripheral T-cells), cytokine production | 2,451–2,473 MHz | 4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 14 consecutive days (starting 5 days after mating, ending 1 day before expected delivery) | RF field, W-LAN/WiFi |
Lerchl A et al. | 2015 | animal, mouse/C3H/HeNCrl x C57Bl/6N, whole body | number, size and morphology of tumors in different tissues | - | 0.04–2 W/kg | continuous for 23.3 h per day, 7 days per week, starting <i>in utero</i> up to 72 weeks | mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Lerchl A et al. | 2020 | animal, mouse/C3H/HeNCrl x C57Bl/6N | - | 1,960 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, UMTS, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Lindholm H et al. | 2011 | human, partial body: head (right ear) | head temperature | 902.4 MHz | 0.66–4.3 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Lo C et al. | 2014 | - | - | - | - | - | MRI |
Machata AM et al. | 2009 | human | - | - | 0.3–3.9 W/kg | - | MRI |
Magin RL et al. | 2000 | animal, mouse/ICR:HD, whole body | - | 170 MHz | 0.2 W/kg | - | MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF |
Masuda H et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 1,457 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, PDC, microwaves |
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