The development of the immune system begins during embryogenesis, continues through fetal life, and is followed by a postnatal maturation period lasting several weeks in mice. All these phases are highly susceptible to the action of several noxious agents. Pregnant mice were divided into three groups (n=16 per group): 1.) cage control, 2.) sham exposed and 3.) exposed. Exposure started five days after mating and ended one day before the expected delivery. The offspring was examined at the age of 5 weeks and 26 weeks. At every time point, one male and one female pup from each dam were sacrificed to perform immunological analyses.
mice restrained in transparent cylindrical polymethyl-methacrylate jigs with the posterior part on the side of the field origin and maintained with the caudal axis parallel to the direction of field propagation
Setup
two identical 120 cm long TEM cells; signal generated by commercial WiFi access point connected to a notebook via LAN and communicating with a PC using single channel transmission with channel 11; signal directly taken from the access point; daily clockwise rotation of the eight pregnant mice inside each of the two TEM cells used; temperature regulated; mice positioned at the two areas of maximum E-field (4 mice/area), two above and two under each of the two septums
No effects due to exposure to WiFi signals during pregnancy on mating success, number of newborns per dam and body weight of offspring at birth were found. The results showed no exposure-related effects on the number and proliferation as well as on the cell differentiation in the thymus and the spleen at both time points. Observed differences were due to age and/or gender. In summary, these results do not support the hypothesis that in utero-exposure to a WiFisignal has detrimental effects on the development of immune cells in mice.
Rosado MM et al.
(2014):
Effects of GSM-modulated 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the hematopoietic potential of mouse bone marrow cells
Ait-Aissa S et al.
(2012):
In utero and early-life exposure of rats to a Wi-Fi signal: Screening of immune markers in sera and gestational outcome
Sambucci M et al.
(2011):
Early life exposure to 2.45GHz WiFi-like signals: Effects on development and maturation of the immune system
Sambucci M et al.
(2010):
Prenatal Exposure to Non-ionizing Radiation: Effects of WiFi Signals on Pregnancy Outcome, Peripheral B-Cell Compartment and Antibody Production
Ait-Aissa S et al.
(2010):
In situ detection of gliosis and apoptosis in the brains of young rats exposed in utero to a Wi-Fi signal
Takahashi S et al.
(2010):
Lack of adverse effects of whole-body exposure to a mobile telecommunication electromagnetic field on the rat fetus
Lee HJ et al.
(2009):
Lack of teratogenicity after combined exposure of pregnant mice to CDMA and WCDMA radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
de Gannes FP et al.
(2009):
A confirmation study of Russian and Ukrainian data on effects of 2450 MHz microwave exposure on immunological processes and teratology in rats
Sommer AM et al.
(2009):
Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (UMTS) on reproduction and development of mice: a multi-generation study
Ogawa K et al.
(2009):
Effects of gestational exposure to 1.95-GHz W-CDMA signals for IMT-2000 cellular phones: Lack of embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in rats
Nasta F et al.
(2006):
Effects of GSM-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on B-cell peripheral differentiation and antibody production
