Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

843 studies in total
  1. 308 studies
  2. 298 studies
  3. 115 studies
  4. 52 studies
  5. 45 studies
  6. 15 studies
  7. 10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. 156 studies
  2. 134 studies
  3. 38 studies
  4. 2 studies
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Shi Y et al. 2005 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body embryo development (expression of embryo <i>c-fos</i> mRNA) 50 Hz - continuous from gestation day 5.5 to gestation day 8.5 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Roda-Murillo O et al. 2005 animal, fertilized eggs of <i>Gallus domesticus</i> (chicken; Leghorn HR7 variety) teratogenicity (body weight and cranial/cephalic development) 50 Hz - continuous for 15 or 21 days 50/60 Hz
Kuzna-Grygiel W et al. 2005 invertebrate, fertilized eggs of pig roundworm (<i>Ascaris suum</i>) embryonic development 50 Hz - continuous for 60 days 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Saito K et al. 2006 animal, mouse/SS - - - continuous for 60 min on day 7.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, or 14.5 of pregnancy static magnetic field
Winnicki A et al. 2004 animal, fish/pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>) (eggs) embryonic motorics 50 Hz - continuous for 30 min magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Formicki K et al. 1998 - - - - continuous for 90 min magnetic field
Karja NW et al. 2006 - - - - - electric field, signals/pulses
Okudan B et al. 2006 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body bone mineral content and bone mineral density 50 Hz - continuous for 28 days; from day 7 of gestation to 14 days post delivery electric field, static electric field, 50/60 Hz
Ravera S et al. 2006 - - 75 Hz - 150 min low frequency, magnetic field
Nishikawa U et al. 1986 - - - - - signals/pulses