Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

843 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    298 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 156 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Ryan BM et al. 1999 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - continuous, 18.5 h per day magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Ryan BM et al. 2000 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - 18.5 h/day, 7 days/week, from gestation day 6 - 19 magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Saito K et al. 2006 animal, mouse/SS - - - continuous for 60 min on day 7.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, or 14.5 of pregnancy static magnetic field
Sakamoto S et al. 1993 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley albino (adults, fetuses and neonatals), whole body - 60 Hz - 1.3 months (1 month prior to mating through lactation period), 3,3 months (3 mo prior to mating through lactation period) 50/60 Hz
Sandström M et al. 1987 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body embryonal development and malformations 20 kHz - continuous for 42 h magnetic field, signals/pulses, PC/TV monitor
Seto YJ et al. 1984 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - repeated daily exposure, 21 hrs/d, pls see remark electric field, 50/60 Hz
Severini M et al. 2003 animal, tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, whole body - 50 Hz–15.797 kHz - 12 h/day from day 3 untill metamorphosis magnetic field, intermediate frequency, 50/60 Hz
Severini M et al. 2010 animal, tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, whole body tadpole development and teratogenic effects 50 Hz - continuous for 60 days magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Severini M et al. 2010 animal, spawn and tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, whole body tadpole development and teratogenic effects 50 Hz - continuous for 22 days magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Severini M et al. 2009 animal, African clawed frog tadpoles (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>), whole body tadpole development 0–50 Hz - not reported, probably during the whole development magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz