To study whether magnetic fields with a asymmetrical sawtooth waveform could influence the early development of chick embryos.
285 fertilized eggs were divided into the exposure group (n=149) and control group (n=136). Exposure eggs were exposed to three different magnetic flux densities (0.1, 1.5 and 16 µT) during the first two days of development.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
20 kHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
continuous for 42 h
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
20 kHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
continuous for 42 h
|
|
|
Exposure 3:
20 kHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
continuous for 47 h
|
|
| Frequency | 20 kHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform |
|
| Exposure duration | continuous for 42 h |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Rise time | 45 µs |
| Fall time | 5 µs |
| Additional info |
simulation of a visual display terminal |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Setup | eight coils with a diameter of 6 cm, 8.3 cm long, made of 98 turns of 0.7 mm enamelled copper wire; coils connected in parallel; exposure system placed inside an incubator at a constant temperature of 38°C ± 0.2°C; each egg placed horizontally inside one coil; electric equipment placed half a meter from the incubator chamber and the fan was covered with magnetic shielding alloy to limit the 50 Hz background fields |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 0.1 µT | - | - | - | - |
| cf. remarks | - | - | - | - | dB/dt = 0.03 T/s |
| Frequency | 20 kHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform |
|
| Exposure duration | continuous for 42 h |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Rise time | 45 µs |
| Fall time | 5 µs |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1.5 µT | - | - | - | - |
| cf. remarks | - | - | - | - | dB/dt = 0.3 T/s |
| Frequency | 20 kHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform |
|
| Exposure duration | continuous for 47 h |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Rise time | 45 µs |
| Fall time | 5 µs |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 16 µT | - | - | - | - |
| cf. remarks | - | - | - | - | dB/dt = 3.3 T/s |
No statistically significant differences between exposed and control embryos were observed with respect to developmental stage and malformations.
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