Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

843 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    298 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 156 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Liu C et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Okudan B et al. 2006 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body bone mineral content and bone mineral density 50 Hz - continuous for 28 days; from day 7 of gestation to 14 days post delivery electric field, static electric field, 50/60 Hz
Shams Lahijani M et al. 2007 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body brain and eye development 50 Hz - 24 h continuous magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Pawlak K et al. 2013 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body cardiac work and morphometric parameters, level of thyroid hormones 50 Hz - continuous from the first to the last day of incubation (up to 21 days) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Borhani N et al. 2011 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body cell death (DNA fragmentation) in blastocysts, fertility of female mice 50 Hz - continuous for 4 h/day, 6 days/week for 2 weeks magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Costa EV et al. 2013 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: embryo <i>in ovo</i> development of blood vessels in the yolk sac 60 Hz - intermittent for 3, 6, 9, 12 or 24 h/day for 2 days (see add. information) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Huuskonen H et al. 2001 mouse embryos, mouse/CBA/s development of mouse embryos 50 Hz - from 8 h after ovulation to blastocyst stage magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Lola Costa EV et al. 2020 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body development of the embryonic body and vascular network of the yolk sac 60 Hz - 3 x 2 hours, with 6-hour intervals in between resulting in a total exposure of 6 h 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Costa EV et al. 2015 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>) development of the vascular system in the yolk sac membrane 60 Hz - continuous for 2 h, 3 times a day with intervals of 6 hours in between for 2 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Dupont MJ et al. 2004 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body effects on neurons and glia cells 500 mHz - continuous for 9 days ( 2 days befor and 7 days after birth) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses