Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

843 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    298 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 156 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Fey DP et al. 2019 animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) (eggs and larvae), whole body embryogenesis and development of rainbow trout larvae 50 Hz - for 36 days (from eyed egg stage to approximately 26 days post hatching) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Bekhite MM et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, embryoid bodies made of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (CCE), animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body embryonic development of mice 50 Hz - 8 hours/day for up to 20 days during gestation magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC
Winnicki A et al. 2004 animal, fish/pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>) (eggs) embryonic motorics 50 Hz - continuous for 30 min magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Levin M et al. 1995 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo) - 0–60 Hz - continuous magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC
McGivern RF et al. 1990 - - 15 Hz - 15 min twice a days from day 15 till day 20 of gestation signals/pulses
Falugi C et al. 1987 - - 5 kHz - 2 to 4 hrs signals/pulses
Nishikawa U et al. 1986 - - - - - signals/pulses
Ozil JP et al. 1986 - - - - - signals/pulses, electric current application
Saito K et al. 2006 animal, mouse/SS - - - continuous for 60 min on day 7.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, or 14.5 of pregnancy static magnetic field
Zimmermann B et al. 1987 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body - - - continuous for 18 days static magnetic field, DC, MRI