Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

842 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    297 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 156 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Nguyen P et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, embryonic cells from <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), whole body - 60 Hz - 16 to 18 h 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Zimmerman S et al. 1990 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 23 h, starting 4 min post fertilization magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Sakamoto S et al. 1993 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley albino (adults, fetuses and neonatals), whole body - 60 Hz - 1.3 months (1 month prior to mating through lactation period), 3,3 months (3 mo prior to mating through lactation period) 50/60 Hz
Bardasano JL et al. 1986 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 60 Hz - 4 to 5d magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Bessho K et al. 1995 invertebrate, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (nematode; different (transgenic) strains), whole body - 60 Hz - 3 min every 6h or 9h, to a total of 9 to 27 min 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Burack G et al. 1984 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 8 days electric field, 50/60 Hz
Rommereim DN et al. 1996 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous 20h/day, for 20 d magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
DiCarlo AL et al. 1998 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Seto YJ et al. 1984 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - repeated daily exposure, 21 hrs/d, pls see remark electric field, 50/60 Hz
Sikov MR et al. 1984 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - continuous electric field, 50/60 Hz
Yu MC et al. 1993 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult) - 60 Hz - continuous, 23h/d for 18d to 40d 50/60 Hz
Di Carlo AL et al. 1999 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - 2 min to 2 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Rommereim DN et al. 1987 animal, rat/Charles River, whole body - 60 Hz - 19 h/day electric field, 50/60 Hz
Farrell JM et al. 1997 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - 48 hrs magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses
Ryan BM et al. 1996 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - both daily intertmittent and continous exposure, 1 hr off 1 hr on, 18.5 hr/days, 7 days/week magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Gona AG et al. 1993 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 60 Hz - 7-8 h/day for 23 days with 30 min/day interruption for nursing electric field, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Ryan BM et al. 1999 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - continuous, 18.5 h per day magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Cameron IL et al. 1985 animal, Japanese rice fish (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) (embryo), whole body embryogenesis 60 Hz - continuous for 48 h electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Desta AB et al. 1999 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - 15 h, 18 h, 23 h and 28 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Di Carlo AL et al. 2000 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Ryan BM et al. 2000 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - 18.5 h/day, 7 days/week, from gestation day 6 - 19 magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Di Carlo AL et al. 2001 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Chung MK et al. 2003 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body fertility and health of mother rats and teratogenicity in fetuses 60 Hz - continuous for 22 h/day from day 6 to day 20 of gestation magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Chung MK et al. 2004 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult), whole body - 60 Hz - repeated daily exposure, 21 h/day from day 6 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Costa EV et al. 2013 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: embryo <i>in ovo</i> development of blood vessels in the yolk sac 60 Hz - intermittent for 3, 6, 9, 12 or 24 h/day for 2 days (see add. information) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz