Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

843 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    298 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 156 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Juutilainen J et al. 1987 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 50 Hz - continuous magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Piera V et al. 1992 - - - - continuous -
Levin M et al. 1995 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo) - 0–60 Hz - continuous magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC
Dawson BV et al. 1998 - - 10.8 kHz - continuous 20 to 23.5 h/d, for 45 d to 58 d before mating magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Rommereim DN et al. 1996 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous 20h/day, for 20 d magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Bayat PD et al. 2011 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body embryogenesis (spleen development) 50 Hz - continuous for 10 h/day on 5 days magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Roda-Moreno JA et al. 2003 animal, chicken embryos, whole body - 50 Hz - continuous for 15 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Roda-Murillo O et al. 2005 animal, fertilized eggs of <i>Gallus domesticus</i> (chicken; Leghorn HR7 variety) teratogenicity (body weight and cranial/cephalic development) 50 Hz - continuous for 15 or 21 days 50/60 Hz
Heinrichs WL et al. 1988 animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body - 15–400 Hz - continuous for 16 h MRI, also other exposures without EMF
Zimmermann B et al. 1987 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body - - - continuous for 18 days static magnetic field, DC, MRI