Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

842 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    297 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 156 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Grefner NM et al. 1998 animal, tadpoles of <i>Rana temporaria</i> L., whole body - 50 Hz - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Formicki K et al. 1998 - - - - continuous for 90 min magnetic field
Huuskonen H et al. 1998 - - 20 kHz - continuous from gestation day 0 to 18. magnetic field, PC/TV monitor, intermediate frequency
DiCarlo AL et al. 1998 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Huuskonen H et al. 1998 animal, mouse/CBA/Ca, whole body embryonic and fetal development 50 Hz - continuous, 24 hrs/day from day 0 to day 18 of gestation period. magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, intermediate frequency
Pagnac C et al. 1998 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Sphaerechinus granularis</i> and <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i>) (embryo), whole body - 0 Hz - up to 150 min 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, static magnetic field
Dawson BV et al. 1998 - - 10.8 kHz - continuous 20 to 23.5 h/d, for 45 d to 58 d before mating magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Farrell JM et al. 1998 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - 8, 15, 17, 20, 23, or 26 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Farrell JM et al. 1997 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - 48 hrs magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses
Juutilainen J et al. 1997 animal, mouse/CBA/Ca and CBA/s, whole body fetal loss/resorptions 50 Hz - continuous for 8 days, 24 hrs/day 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, intermediate frequency, magnetic field