Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

843 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    298 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 156 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Di Carlo AL et al. 2000 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Di Carlo AL et al. 2000 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 55–65 Hz - on - off at intervals from 0.1s to 50 s for 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Ryan BM et al. 2000 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - 18.5 h/day, 7 days/week, from gestation day 6 - 19 magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Levin M et al. 1995 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo) - 0–60 Hz - continuous magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC
Di Carlo AL et al. 2001 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Shams Lahijani M et al. 2000 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 50 Hz - continuous for 24 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Ossenkopp KP et al. 1972 - - 500 mHz - continuous for about 22 or 3 days magnetic field, low frequency
Huuskonen H et al. 2001 mouse embryos, mouse/CBA/s development of mouse embryos 50 Hz - from 8 h after ovulation to blastocyst stage magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Negishi T et al. 2002 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult) - 50 Hz - intermittent; 22h/day 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Chung MK et al. 2003 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body fertility and health of mother rats and teratogenicity in fetuses 60 Hz - continuous for 22 h/day from day 6 to day 20 of gestation magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz