Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Costa EV et al. | 2015 | animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>) | development of the vascular system in the yolk sac membrane | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 2 h, 3 times a day with intervals of 6 hours in between for 2 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Huuskonen H et al. | 1993 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | fetal development/teratogenicity | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 20 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, intermediate frequency |
DiCarlo AL et al. | 1998 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 20 min | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Di Carlo AL et al. | 2000 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 20 min | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Di Carlo AL et al. | 2001 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 20 min | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
Severini M et al. | 2010 | animal, spawn and tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, whole body | tadpole development and teratogenic effects | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 22 days | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Chung MK et al. | 2003 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | fertility and health of mother rats and teratogenicity in fetuses | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 22 h/day from day 6 to day 20 of gestation | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Nishimura I et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Crl:CD(SD), whole body | malformations of fetuses | 20 kHz | - | continuous for 22 h/day from day 7 to day 17 of gestation | magnetic field, intermediate frequency, induction cooker |
Zimmerman S et al. | 1990 | invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 23 h, starting 4 min post fertilization | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2000 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
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