Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ravera S et al. | 2006 | - | - | 75 Hz | - | 150 min | low frequency, magnetic field |
Nishikawa U et al. | 1986 | - | - | - | - | - | signals/pulses |
Nishimura I et al. | 2009 | - | - | - | - | - | magnetic field, PC/TV monitor, induction cooker, intermediate frequency |
Rooze M et al. | 1985 | - | - | 15 Hz | - | - | electric field, low frequency, signals/pulses |
Boga A et al. | 2012 | - | - | 16 Hz | - | - | electric field, signals/pulses |
Lee W et al. | 2014 | - | - | 3.2 kHz | - | - | magnetic field |
Krylov VV et al. | 2016 | - | - | 72.5–500 Hz | - | - | magnetic field, low frequency, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Grimaldi S et al. | 2004 | animal, African clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) (tadpoles), whole body | tadpole survival and metamorphosis-rate | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 65 days | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Severini M et al. | 2009 | animal, African clawed frog tadpoles (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>), whole body | tadpole development | 0–50 Hz | - | not reported, probably during the whole development | magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Costa EV et al. | 2013 | animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: embryo <i>in ovo</i> | development of blood vessels in the yolk sac | 60 Hz | - | intermittent for 3, 6, 9, 12 or 24 h/day for 2 days (see add. information) | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
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