Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

842 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    297 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 134 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Carpenter RL et al. 1971 - - 10 GHz - continuous for 20 min RF field, CW continuous wave, microwaves
Chazan B et al. 1983 animal, mouse/Swiss, whole body embryonal, fetal, and postnatal development 2.45 GHz 4–18 mW/g 2 h/day for 4 days microwaves, CW continuous wave
Chernovetz ME et al. 1975 - - 2.45 GHz 38 W/kg 10 min on the 11th, 12th, 13th or 14th day of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Clark MW et al. 1987 - - 2.45 GHz 4 nW/g first 12 days of embryogeny (incubation) microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Clarke RL et al. 1983 - - 2.45 GHz 80 W/kg 300 s microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Cobb BL et al. 2000 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body teratogenicity/ontogeny 0.1–1 GHz 45 mW/kg repeated daily exposure for 2 min, see add. information microwave pulses, UWB
D'Silva MH et al. 2017 animal, chicken embryos/Gallus domesticus (eggs) - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, UHF fields
Dasgupta S et al. 2020 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - 3.5 GHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G, 5G, LTE
DastAmooz S et al. 2023 - - 2.4 GHz - - W-LAN/WiFi
Dietzel F 1975 - - 27.12 MHz - 5 min UHF fields, microwaves