Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

884 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    313 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    49 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 144 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Gu Y et al. 2001 animal, mouse/ICR (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Haghani M et al. 2020 animal, rat/Wistar - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, RF, PW pulsed wave
Hamrick PE et al. 1975 - - 2.45 GHz - continuous, 24 h microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Heinrichs WL et al. 1988 animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body - 15–400 Hz - continuous for 16 h RF, static magnetic field, MRI, also other exposures without EMF
Ikinci A et al. 2013 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body: <i>in utero</i> hippocampus morphology and learning behavior in rat pups 900 MHz - continuous for 1 h/day from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy mobile phone, mobile communications
Ingole IV et al. 2012 animal, hen eggs (<i>Gallus domesticus</i> ) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Inouye M et al. 1982 - - 2.45 GHz 1.3 W/kg 3 h on day 2 or day 3 of gestation microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Inouye M et al. 1982 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body cerebellum development 2.45 GHz - continuous from day 1 through day 12 of incubation microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Inouye M et al. 1983 - - 2.45 GHz 1.76 W/kg 3 h/day through 4-21 days of gestation microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Islam MS et al. 2023 animal, chicken eggs (Indian River) - 2,100 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G