Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

842 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    297 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 134 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Balik MS et al. 2019 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryos and newborns) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, microwaves
Ingole IV et al. 2012 animal, hen eggs (<i>Gallus domesticus</i> ) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Salameh M et al. 2023 - - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Khayat S et al. 2023 animal, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field
Augustianath T et al. 2023 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 900–1,800 MHz - - 4G, GSM, mobile communications, mobile phone
Bektas H et al. 2021 human - 900–1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Jensh RP et al. 1982 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body growth and development of the rat fetus/teratogenicity 915 MHz 3.57 W/kg 6 h/day from day 1 to day 21 of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave
Jensh RP et al. 1982 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body neurological and neurobehavioral development/teratogenicity 915 MHz - repeated daily exposure, 6 h/day from day 1 to 21 of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave
Alimohammadi I et al. 2018 animal, mouse/NMRI (pregnant females) - 915 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, RF field, co-exposure
Amer FI et al. 2013 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body: <i>in utero</i> malformation, histopathological changes in the retina 950 MHz 1–1.6 W/kg 2 h/day for 8 consecutive days from day 7 to 14 of gestation RF field, microwaves