Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Epidemiological studies on power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

528 studies in total
  1. Childhood leukemia
    103 studies
  2. Other
    85 studies
  3. Leukemia/lymphoma
    85 studies
  4. Brain cancer
    81 studies
  5. Breast cancer
    65 studies
  6. Neurodegenerative diseases
    64 studies
  7. Other types of cancer
    63 studies
  8. Other types of childhood cancer
    62 studies
  9. Reproductive/pregnancy effects
    61 studies
  10. Hypersensitivity/well-being/subjective complaints
    31 studies

Other types of cancer 63 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Koeman T et al. 2014 cohort study men, women, 55–69 years 1986 - 2003 the Netherlands Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, diffuse B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, brain tumor, breast cancer, lung cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Miller AB et al. 1996 case-control study men 1973 - 1988 Canada acute nonlymphoid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and chronic lymphoid leukemia, brain tumor, other cancer electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, occupational
Theriault G et al. 1994 case-control study men 1970 - 1989 France and Canada acute nonlymphoid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, brain tumor, male breast cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectum cancer, lung cancer, melanoma and other cancer types, all cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, occupational
Wertheimer N et al. 1982 case-control study men, women 1967 - 1975 USA all cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Milham Jr S 1996 cohort study men, women 1980 - 1994 USA all cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, occupational
Koifman S et al. 1998 - men, women, 20–29 years 1992 Brazil all cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential, also other exposures without EMF
Zagar T et al. 2023 - men, women, children, 0–29 years 2005 - 2016 Slovenia all cancer, childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, brain tumor, leukemia and lymphoma magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Band PR et al. 2005 case-control study men, ≥ 20 years 1983 - 1990 Canada bladder cancer RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Wertheimer N et al. 1987 - men, women, 20–69 years - USA brain tumor, breast cancer, leukemia and lymphoma, e.g., lung cancer, kidney cancer magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, occupational, residential
Milham S et al. 2008 cohort study men, women 1988 - 2007 USA breast cancer, malignant melanoma, thyroid cancer, uterus cancer, and other types of cancer, all cancer magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, inhouse wiring, occupational
McElroy JA et al. 2002 case-control study women, 40–79 years 1991 - 1994 USA endometrial cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, personal
Abel EL et al. 2007 cross-sectional study women, 50–79 years 1993 - 1998 USA endometrial cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, personal
Souques M et al. 2021 cohort study men, women 1995 - 2021 France health status (long-term illnesses), neurodegenerative diseases, all cancer, cardiovascular diseases, mortality magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency, power transmission line, electrical substation, occupational
Miller MA et al. 1995 meta-analysis men, women, children, 0–79 years - USA, Sweden, UK, leukemia and lymphoma, all cancer, childhood leukemia, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Sahl JD et al. 1993 cohort study men, women, ≥ 20 years 1960 - 1988 USA leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, all cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, occupational
Dosemeci M et al. 1994 cohort study women 1984 - 1989 USA leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, breast cancer, colon cancer, rectum cancer, lung cancer ovary cancer and other cancer types electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Zhang Y et al. 2016 meta-analysis men, women, children 1960 - 2009 USA, Canada, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, France, Italy, Germany, UK, Japan, China, New Zealand, Brazil, Iran leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, breast cancer, other cancer, childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Ballard T et al. 2000 meta-analysis men, women 1950 - 1992 Canada, USA, Finland, UK, Japan leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, breast cancer, rectum cancer, lung cancer and other cancer types, all cancer RF field, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Verkasalo PK et al. 1996 cohort study men, women, ≥ 20 years 1970 - 1989 Finland leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, breast cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectum cancer, pancreas cancer, uterus cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer and other cancer types, all cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Schreiber GH et al. 1993 cohort study men, women 1961 - 1987 Netherlands leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, breast cancer, stomach cancer, rectum cancer, lung cancer ande other cancer types, all cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, mortality magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, electrical substation, residential
Stein Y et al. 2011 - men, women, 18–69 years not stated Israel leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, breast cancer, testicular cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, bone cancer, malignant melanoma, lung cancer and other cancer types RF field, Radio/TV transmitter, radar, wireless transmitter, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, electrical substation, PC/TV monitor, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Hakansson N et al. 2002 cohort study men, women 1985 - 1994 Sweden leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, cancer of the kidney, pituitary gland, liver, corpus uteri, colon and connective tissue/muscle, all cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, high volt./current device/welder, occupational
Fear NT et al. 1996 cohort study men, women 1981 - 1987 England leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, female breast cancer and male breast cancer, cancer of colon, liver and other types of cancer, all cancer electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Nichols L et al. 2005 cohort study men, women 1973 - 2002 UK leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, female breast cancer and male breast cancer, oesophagus cancer, stomach cancer, rectum cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer and other cancer types, all cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, suicide and depression, other diseases, mortality magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, electrical substation, occupational
Johansen C et al. 1998 cohort study men, women 1968 - 1993 Denmark leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, female breast cancer and male breast cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectum cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, melanoma, and other cancer types, all cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, occupational
van Wijngaarden E et al. 2001 cohort study men 1950 - 1986 USA leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, lung cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, melanoma, all cancer, cardiovascular diseases, mortality magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, occupational
Tynes T et al. 1992 cohort study men, ≥ 20 years 1961 - 1985 Norway leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, male breast cancer, cancer of pleura (mesothelioma), larynx, bladder, colon, stomach, liver and other organs; soft tissue sarkoma, all cancer Radio/TV transmitter, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, 16 2/3 Hz (train), occupational
Savitz DA et al. 1995 cohort study men 1950 - 1988 USA leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, male breast cancer, other cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, occupational
Floderus B et al. 1999 cohort study men, women, ≥ 20 years 1971 - 1984 Sweden leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, male breast cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectum cancer, pancreas cancer, lung cancer, uterus cancer, melanoma, and other cancer types, all cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Armstrong B et al. 1994 case-control study men 1970 - 1988 (Canada), 1978 - 1989 (France) Canada leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, melanoma, colon, stomach, lung, bone, prostate cancer and other cancer types, all cancer electric field, magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, occupational
Sorahan T 2012 cohort study men, women 1973 - 2008 UK leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, mesothelioma, lung cancer, skin cancer (nonmelanoma), melanoma, prostate cancer, small intestine, nasal cancer and other cancer types, all cancer static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, electrical substation, occupational
Guenel P et al. 1996 case-control study men 1978 - 1989 France leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, other cancer electric field, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, occupational
Törnqvist S et al. 1986 cohort study men 1961 - 1979 Sweden leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectum cancer, lung cancer and other cancer types, all cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, electrical substation, occupational
Pearce NE et al. 1989 case-control study men, ≥ 20 years 1980 - 1984 New Zealand leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectum cancer, lung cancer, melanoma and other cancer types RF field, Radio/TV transmitter, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, electrical substation, occupational
Ronneberg A et al. 1999 cohort study men 1953 - 1993 Norway leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectum cancer, pancreas cancer, lung cancer, melanoma and other cancer types, all cancer magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Fazzo L et al. 2009 cohort study men, women 1954 - 2003, follow-up January 1998 - December 2003 Italy leukemia and lymphoma, primary malignant neoplasms, neoplasms of the digestive organs, pancreas, thyroid gland, secondary and unspecified neoplasms, benign neoplasms, neurodegenerative diseases, ischaemic heart diseases, complications of pregnancy, perinatal diseases, disorders of thyroid gland magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Stern RM 1987 pooled analysis men - - leukemia, acute leukemia, lung cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, high volt./current device/welder, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Elliott P et al. 2013 case-control study men, women, 15–74 years 1974 - 2008 UK leukemia, brain tumor and central nervous system cancer, female breast cancer, malignant melanoma magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Kheifets LI et al. 1999 pooled analysis men, women 1950 - 1989 USA, Canada, France, UK leukemia, brain tumor, all cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, occupational
Guenel P et al. 1993 cohort study men, women, 20–64 years 1970 - 1987 Denmark leukemia, brain tumor, female breast cancer and male breast cancer, melanoma electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Tynes T et al. 1994 cohort study men 1953 - 1991 Norway leukemia, brain tumor, male breast cancer, stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, lung, prostate, kidney, bladder cancer, malignant melanoma electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Jackson JD 1992 - men, women, children 1969 - 1986 USA leukemia, lung cancer, all cancer, childhood leukemia electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, other domestic appliance, residential, personal
Savitz DA et al. 1997 cohort study men 1950 - 1986 USA lung cancer electric field, magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, occupational
Stenlund C et al. 1997 case-control study men 1985 - 1987 Sweden male breast cancer, testicular cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Tynes T et al. 2003 case-control study men, women, ≥ 16 years 1986 - 1996 Norway malignant melanoma magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, occupational, residential
Olin R et al. 1985 cohort study men 1930 - 1979 Sweden malignant melanoma, mortality magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, occupational
Khan MW et al. 2022 cohort study men, women, children 1971 - 2016 Finland melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma magnetic field, electrical substation, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, residential
Toledano MB et al. 2020 case-control study men, women, 15–74 years 1974 - 2008 UK mouth cancer, lung cancer, all respiratory system cancers and non-melanoma skin cancer electric field, power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Eriksson M et al. 1992 case-control study men, women 1982 - 1986 Sweden multiple myeloma wireless transmitter, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, PC/TV monitor, high volt./current device/welder, occupational, residential, personal, also other exposures without EMF
Ji BT et al. 1999 case-control study men, women, 30–74 years 1990 - 1993 China pancreatic cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF