Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on static magnetic fields

2156 studies in total
  1. 947 studies
  2. 719 studies
  3. 446 studies
  4. 369 studies
  5. 339 studies
  6. 169 studies

Health

719 studies in total
  1. 181 studies
  2. 90 studies
  3. 85 studies
  4. 80 studies
  5. 74 studies
  6. 58 studies
  7. 44 studies
  8. 36 studies
  9. 33 studies
  10. 31 studies
  11. 27 studies
  12. 25 studies
  13. 25 studies
  14. 24 studies
  15. 19 studies
  16. 18 studies
  17. 16 studies
  18. 15 studies
  19. 2 studies
  20. 2 studies
  21. 2 studies

Effects on embryo/fetus 90 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Pagnac C et al. 1998 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Sphaerechinus granularis</i> and <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i>) (embryo), whole body 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, static magnetic field 4–8 mT
Fey DP et al. 2020 animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) (eggs and larvae), whole body 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, static magnetic field, DC 1–10 mT
Formicki K et al. 1998 animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) and trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) DC, static magnetic field 0.5–50 mT
Yip YP et al. 1994 animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> RF field, magnetic field, static magnetic field, MRI 16.2 µT–1.5 T
Carnes KI et al. 1996 animal, mouse/ICR:HD, whole body RF field, magnetic field, static magnetic field, MRI 4.7 T
Yip YP et al. 1995 animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> RF field, magnetic field, static magnetic field, MRI 16.2 µT–1.5 T
Prasad N et al. 1990 animal, embryos of <i>Rana pipiens</i> (Northern leopard frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> RF field, static magnetic field, MRI 150 mT–4.5 T
Behr KP et al. 1991 animal, chicken embryos, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> RF field, static magnetic field, MRI 1–4 T
Nassisi V et al. 2020 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) UHF fields, RF field, static magnetic field, low frequency, intermediate frequency, magnetic field -
Asashima M et al. 1991 animal, japanese fire belly newt (<i>Cynops pyrrhogaster</i>), whole body: embryo (<i>in ovo</i>) and larvae geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation 5 nT
Fesenko EE et al. 2010 animal, mouse/NMRI geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation 0.2 µT
Osipenko MA et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, fibroblasts (from mouse embryos), animal, mouse embryos geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation 200 nT
Mo WC et al. 2012 animal, African clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) (embryos and adults), whole body geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation 65.6–200 nT
Krylov VV et al. 2013 invertebrate, <i>Daphnia magna</i> Straus (great water flea) and <i>Daphnia carinata</i> King geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation 51.7 µT
Orlov OI et al. 2020 animal, Japanese quail embryos geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation -
Krylov V et al. 2022 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation -
Krylov VV et al. 2019 animal, roach (<i>Rutilus rutilus</i>) (embryos) geomagnetic field, static magnetic field -
Ma TH et al. 1993 invertebrate, fruit fly (<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>) (embryos) magnetic field, geomagnetic field 5–40 µT
Dupont MJ et al. 2005 animal, rat/ Wistar albino, whole body: fetus magnetic field, geomagnetic field, low frequency, shielding/field deprivation 1–10 nT
Leal J et al. 1982 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs) magnetic field, geomagnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 400 nT–43.817 µT
Peeling J et al. 1988 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Panagrellus redivivus</i>) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, DC, static magnetic field 0.006–2.4 T
Nakagawa H et al. 2018 animal, mexican axolotl (<i>Ambystoma mexicanum</i>) magnetic field, static magnetic field -
Ramirez E et al. 1983 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo and adults), whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–4.5 mT
Mevissen M et al. 1994 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 30 mT
Severini M et al. 2009 animal, African clawed frog tadpoles (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>), whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 65–100 µT
Fey DP et al. 2019 animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) (eggs and larvae), whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–10 mT
Bekhite MM et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, embryoid bodies made of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (CCE), animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC 1–10 mT
Winnicki A et al. 2004 animal, fish/pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>) (eggs) magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 4–15 mT
Levin M et al. 1995 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo) magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC 2.5–8.8 mT
Espinar A et al. 1997 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body static magnetic field 20 mT
Tablado L et al. 2000 animal, mouse/Of1, whole body: <i>in utero</i> static magnetic field 100–700 mT
Murakami J et al. 1992 animal, mouse/CD-1 (embryo), partial body: <i>in utero</i> static magnetic field 6.3 T
Saito K et al. 2006 animal, mouse/SS static magnetic field 400 mT
Mietchen D et al. 2005 animal, African clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</I>) (eggs) static magnetic field 0.7–9.4 T
Perkowski T et al. 1997 animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> Walb.) static magnetic field 10–300 mT
Denegre JM et al. 1998 animal, eggs of the frog <i>Xenopus</i> static magnetic field 1.74–16.7 T
Levengood WC 1969 animal, salamander (<i>Ambystoma maculatum</i>) and wood frog (<i>Rana sylvatica</i>); larvae and tadpoles static magnetic field 630 mT–1.77 T
Savic T et al. 2011 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> and <i>Drosophila hydei</i> static magnetic field 60 mT
Laszlo JF et al. 2011 animal, mouse/C57BL/6 static magnetic field 2.8–467.7 mT
Ueno S et al. 1990 animal, african clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) (embryos), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> static magnetic field 4.5 T
Ueno S et al. 1994 animal, african clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) (embryos), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> static magnetic field 40 nT–8 T
High WB et al. 2000 animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body static magnetic field 9.4 T
Prolic Z et al. 2001 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.), mealworm beetle (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) static magnetic field 130–180 mT
Brewer HB 1979 animal, fish/guppy (<i>Lebistes reticulatus</i>) static magnetic field 50 mT
Neurath PW 1968 animal, frog (<i>Rana pipiens</i>) static magnetic field 795.77 kA/m
Valles Jr JM et al. 2002 animal, fertilized eggs of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> static magnetic field 17–22 T
Wang L et al. 2015 invertebrate, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (nematode; different strains) static magnetic field 5–8.5 T
Formicki K 1992 animal, trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i> L.) (larvae) static magnetic field -
Formicki K et al. 1996 animal, carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) embryos and larvae static magnetic field 50–70 mT
Fey DP et al. 2019 animal, pike (<i>Esox lucius</i> L.) (larvae) static magnetic field -