Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:
Authors | Year | Study type | Study group | Observation period | Study location | Endpoints | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Keegan TJ et al. | 2012 | case-control study | children, children in utero, 0–14 years | 1962 - 2006 | Great Britain | total childhood leukemia, lymphoid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, other types of leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF |
Zhao L et al. | 2014 | meta-analysis | children, 0–15 years | 1962 - 2007 | USA, Canada, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand | all childhood leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Bunch KJ et al. | 2014 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962 - 2008 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other solid tumors | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Swanson J et al. | 2014 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962 - 2008 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | electric field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Bunch KJ et al. | 2015 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962 - 2008 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC, underground cable, high-voltage direct current (HVDC), residential |
Bunch KJ et al. | 2016 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962 - 2008 | UK | lymphoid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Swanson J et al. | 2018 | reanalysis, case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962 - 2008 | UK | childhood leukemia | 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, magnetic field, residential |
Kheifets L et al. | 2010 | pooled analysis | children, 0–15 years | 1962 - 2009 | Germany, Italy, UK, Japan, Australia, Brazil | especially acute lympoblastic leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Amoon AT et al. | 2022 | pooled analysis | children, 0–16 years | 1962 - 2010 | USA, Denmark, Italy, UK | all types and acute lymphoblastic leukemia as subgroup | magnetic field, power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, residential |
Draper G et al. | 2005 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962-1995 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Kroll ME et al. | 2010 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962-1995 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Fulton JP et al. | 1980 | case-control study | children, 0–20 years | 1964 - 1978 | USA | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Tynes T et al. | 1997 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1965 - 1989 | Norway | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer, all childhood cancer | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Crespi CM et al. | 2024 | case-control study | children, 0–15 years | 1967-2017 | Finland, Israel, Hungary, The Netherlands, Switzerland | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, low frequency, residential |
Pearce MS et al. | 2007 | case-control study | men, women, children, 0–25 years | 1968 - 2000 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, retinoblastoma, renal tumor, hepatic tumor, malignant bone tumor, soft tissue sarcoma, germ cell neoplasm | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF |
Pedersen C et al. | 2015 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1968 - 2003 | Denmark | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, underground cable, electrical substation, residential |
Pedersen C et al. | 2014 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1968 - 2006 | Denmark | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, underground cable, electrical substation, residential |
Jackson JD | 1992 | - | men, women, children | 1969 - 1986 | USA | leukemia, lung cancer, all cancer, childhood leukemia | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, other domestic appliance, residential, personal |
Myers A et al. | 1990 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1970 - 1979 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Kraut A et al. | 1994 | - | children | 1970 - 1986 | Canada | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Verkasalo PK et al. | 1993 | cohort study | children, 0–19 years | 1970 - 1989 | Finland | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, central nervous system tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Söderberg KC et al. | 2002 | case-control study | children | 1973 - 1989 | Sweden | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia | magnetic field, personal |
Savitz DA et al. | 1993 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1976 - 1983 | USA | leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, soft tissue sarcoma, and other types, all childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Savitz DA et al. | 1990 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1976 - 1983 | USA | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, personal |
Petridou E et al. | 1993 | - | children, 0–14 years | 1976 - 1989 | Greece | childhood leukemia | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, inhouse wiring, personal |
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