Study overviews

Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:

Epidemiological studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on children

338 studies in total
  1. Leukemia
    135 studies
  2. Other health effects
    89 studies
  3. Pregnancy outcomes
    88 studies
  4. Brain/CNS tumor
    68 studies
  5. Other types of cancer
    32 studies
  6. Lymphoma
    20 studies
  7. Cancer (unspecified)
    19 studies

Leukemia

135 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    112 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    19 studies
  3. Other
    5 studies
  4. DC and static fields
    2 studies

Low frequency 112 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Angelillo IF et al. 1999 meta-analysis children, 0–20 years - USA, England, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Germany, Denmark, Greece, and New Zealand childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Milham S et al. 2001 - children, 0–4 years 1920 - 1960 USA childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, residential, personal
Wartenberg D 1998 meta-analysis children - USA, Taiwan, Australia, Mexico, Sweden, UK, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Netherlands, Greece childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Infante-Rivard C et al. 2003 case-control study children, children in utero, 0–9 years 1980 - 1993 Canada childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Petridou E et al. 1993 case-control study children, 0–14 years July 1987 - June 1991 Greece childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, electrical substation, residential, also other exposures without EMF
Kheifets L et al. 2006 - children - Canada, USA, Japan, Korea, UK, Belgium, Germany childhood leukemia electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, residential
Schüz J et al. 2007 pooled analysis children, 0–16 years 1988 - 1996 Canada, Germany, United Kingdom, USA childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Petridou E et al. 1993 - children, 0–14 years 1976 - 1989 Greece childhood leukemia electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, inhouse wiring, personal
Does M et al. 2011 case-control study children, 0–8 years March 2002 - June 2007 USA childhood leukemia touch current, 50/60 Hz, residential
Jirik V et al. 2012 case-control study children, 0–14 years not stated Czech Republic childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, residential
Grellier J et al. 2014 pooled analysis children, 0–14 years - - childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Pedersen C et al. 2014 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1968 - 2006 Denmark childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, underground cable, electrical substation, residential
Leitgeb N 2014 pooled analysis children, 0–14 years - - childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Salvan A et al. 2015 case-control study children, 0–10 years 1998 - 2001 Italy childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Leitgeb N 2015 - children, 0–14 years - - childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Su L et al. 2016 meta-analysis men, women, children, children in utero, 0–30 years 1953 - 2006 Sweden, Spain, UK, Germany, Russia, Canada, China, Taiwan, Australia childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Kheifets L et al. 2017 case-control study children, 0–16 years 1988 - 2008 USA childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, low frequency, residential
Amoon AT et al. 2018 pooled analysis, case-control study children, 0–14 years 1960 - 2014 Brazil, USA; Denmark, France, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, UK childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Swanson J et al. 2018 reanalysis, case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962 - 2008 UK childhood leukemia 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, magnetic field, residential
Swanson J et al. 2019 meta-analysis children, 0–14 years - USA, Canada, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Mexico, Taiwan, Germany, Greece, New Zealand, Italy, UK, Japan, China, Iran, Brazil, Czech Republic, France, Malaysia childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Crespi CM et al. 2019 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1986 - 2008 USA childhood leukemia magnetic field, power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, residential
Brabant C et al. 2023 meta-analysis children, 0–14 years 1950 - 2011 USA, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Greece, Norway, UK, Italy, Czech Republik, France, Denmark, Japan, Taiwan, Iran, Malaysia, New Zealand childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, low frequency, electric blanket, other domestic appliance
Nguyen A et al. 2022 case-control study children, 0–15 years 1986 - 2008 USA childhood leukemia magnetic field, power transmission line, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF, residential
Malagoli C et al. 2023 case-control study children, 0–15 years 1998 - 2019 Italy childhood leukemia magnetic field, power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, low frequency, residential
Nguyen A et al. 2023 case-control study children, 0–15 years 1988 - 2008 USA childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure, residential