Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    295 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Central nervous system

115 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    83 studies
  2. Low frequency
    30 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    3 studies

Low frequency 30 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Min YS et al. 2001 animal, chicken/Ross, whole body levels of noradrenaline, tyrosine, GABA in the brain, sleep duration and onset time 60 Hz - 3 h, 6 h, 9 h or 12 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Yip YP et al. 1995 animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 15 Hz - continuous for 6 hr RF field, magnetic field, static magnetic field, MRI
Hemmati M et al. 2014 animal, mouse/Balb/c (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> protein expression of Reelin and Dab1 in the cortex 50 Hz - 5 hours/day for 3 consecutive days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Saha S et al. 2014 animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body: <i>in utero</i> double-strand breaks, apoptosis 50 Hz - continuous for 2 hours magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF
McNamee JP et al. 2002 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body DNA damage 60 Hz - continuous for 2 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Wang X et al. 2013 animal, mouse/albino Kunming, whole body spatial memory 50 Hz - continuous for 60 min/day from postnatal days 23 to 35 magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Hosseini E et al. 2023 animal, rat/ Wistar - - - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Do Monte-Silva KK et al. 2007 animal, rat/ Wistar, partial body: paws - - - - signals/pulses, electric current application
Lukac T et al. 2006 animal, rat/Mill Hill, whole body morphological and stereological changes in pineal gland 50 Hz - 7 h/day, 5 days/week for 3 months electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Jaffe RA et al. 1983 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley albino, whole body - 60 Hz - continuous 20 h/day from conception to testing (postnatal days 11-20) electric field, 50/60 Hz