Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albert EN et al. | 1988 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Jing J et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body: antenna close to the ear | level of neurotransmitters and oxidative stress in the brain | - | 0.9 W/kg | 3 times per day (3 x 10, 30 or 60 min) for 20 days during gestation | mobile phone, mobile communications, microwaves |
Odaci E et al. | 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF |
Okur ZH et al. | 2021 | animal, rat/ Wistar albino | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Tan B et al. | 2022 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Jamakosmanovic A et al. | 1988 | - | - | - | - | - | CW continuous wave, microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Yucel H et al. | 2022 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, RF |
Drecun M et al. | 1989 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz, PW pulsed wave |
Guessab A et al. | 1983 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, radar |
Nakas M et al. | 1981 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Drecun M et al. | 1982 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Drecun M et al. | 1985 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Drecun M et al. | 1979 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Nakas M et al. | 1979 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Jamakosmanovic A et al. | 1979 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves, CW continuous wave |
El-Kafoury BMA et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/ Wistar | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Besset D et al. | 2024 | - | - | - | - | - | RF |
Yip YP et al. | 1995 | animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> | - | 15 Hz | - | continuous for 6 hr | RF, magnetic field, static magnetic field, MRI |
Albert EN et al. | 1981 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | density of Purkinje cells in developing rat brains | 100 MHz | 2–2.77 mW/g | 21 h/day for 5 days | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Kramarenko AV et al. | 2003 | human, partial body: ear | EEG | 100 MHz | - | - | GSM, mobile communications |
Rashidova AM | 2021 | - | - | 460 MHz | - | - | microwaves |
Hong S et al. | 2020 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 800–1,900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Ragbetli MC et al. | 2009 | animal, mouse/Swiss albino, whole body | number of pyramidal cells in the Cornu Ammonis | 890–915 MHz | 1.2 W/kg | 12 hr/day for 19 - 20 days (gestation period) + 20 days after birth (female offspring only) | mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Ragbetli MC et al. | 2010 | animal, mouse/Swiss albino, whole body | number of Purkinje cells and granule cells in the developing cerebellum | 890–915 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | continuous for 12 hr/day - 11 hr + 45 min. in stand-by mode, 15 min. in talking mode - for 19 - 20 days druing gestation | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Narayanan SN et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | oxidative stress in the brain | 890–915 MHz | 1.58 W/kg | intermittent for 1 h/day for 28 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
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