Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    295 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Fertility

45 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    25 studies
  2. Low frequency
    19 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    2 studies
  4. Other
    one study

Low frequency 19 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Nishimura I et al. 2012 - - 20–60 kHz - - magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Fernie KJ et al. 2000 animal, American kestrel (<i>Falco sparverius</i>), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 21 h/day for 95 days in 1995; continuous for 23.5 h/day for 91 days in 1996 electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Kowalczuk CI et al. 1990 animal, mouse/C3H/He, whole body - 50 Hz - continuous electric field, 50/60 Hz
Zaun G et al. 2014 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Gerardi G et al. 2016 animal, mouse/CD1 (specific pathogen, virus and antibody free), whole body reproductive performance 60 Hz - continuous for 100 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Carnes KI et al. 1996 animal, mouse/ICR:HD, whole body fetal growth, testicular development 1 MHz 1.5 mW/kg continuous for 8 h on day 9 and/or day 12 of gestation RF field, magnetic field, static magnetic field, MRI
Burcu A et al. 2020 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (adults, fetuses and neonates), whole body ovarian structure and function 50 Hz - from first day of pregnancy until postnatal day 42 for 4 h/day on 5 days/week magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Ruan G et al. 2019 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, mouse/C57BL/6J, whole body effects on the reproductive system 50 Hz - 20 hours/day for 24 weeks magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Chung MK et al. 2005 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body spermatogenesis and fertility in F1 male rats 60 Hz - continuous, 21 h/ day from day 6 of gestation to day 21 of lactation magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Khaki AA et al. 2008 animal, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), whole body histology and ultrastructure of prostate 50 Hz - 8 hours/day for approx. 3 weeks <i>in utero</i> and 5 weeks postnatal 50/60 Hz, magnetic field