Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

842 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    297 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

297 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  2. Low frequency
    110 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    55 studies

Low frequency 110 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Peeling J et al. 1988 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Panagrellus redivivus</i>) - 1–25 Hz - continuous for 96 h magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, DC, static magnetic field
Lee Jr JM et al. 1995 animal, sheep/Suffolk, whole body - 60 Hz - - electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Lee Jr JM et al. 1993 animal, sheep/Suffolk (lambs), whole body - 60 Hz - 40 weeks. electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Reiter RJ et al. 1988 animal, rat (embryo and young animal), whole body - 60 Hz - repeated daily exposure for 23 days, 19 hr/day. electric field, 50/60 Hz
Bellossi A 1991 - - 12–460 Hz - repeated exposure, 2 x 30 min/week, lifelong magnetic field, signals/pulses
Shen YH et al. 1997 animal, mouse/Swiss Webster, whole body development of lymphoma and leukemia 50 Hz - 3 h/day, 6 days/week for 16 weeks magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
DiCarlo AL et al. 1999 animal, chicken/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body survival rate 60 Hz - 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Martin AH et al. 1995 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 72 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Liu H et al. 1997 - - - - repeated daily exposure, 3 h/day, for 2 days magnetic field, signals/pulses
Truong H et al. 1996 animal, DJungarian hamster (<i>Phodopus sungorus</i>), whole body - 60 Hz - 15 min/day for 25 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Marino AA et al. 1980 animal, mouse/Ha/ICR, whole body - 60 Hz - from the pregnancy of the first generation until 119th day after birth of the third generation electric field, 50/60 Hz
McClanahan BJ et al. 1983 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - repeated daily exposure, 20 h/day for 30 days. electric field, 50/60 Hz
Fitzsimmons RJ et al. 1986 - - 10 Hz - - electric field, low frequency
Picazo ML et al. 1996 animal, mouse/Of1, whole body - 50 Hz - from conception until 14 weeks of age magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Moses GC et al. 1993 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 3 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Moses GC et al. 1992 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 78-88 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Di Carlo AL et al. 1999 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 20 min or 96 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Persinger MA et al. 1978 - - 500 mHz - 5 days magnetic field, low frequency
Miyakawa T et al. 2001 invertebrate, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>/PC72 (transgenic, with reporter gene construct encoding beta-galactosidase under control of <i>hsp16</i> heat shock promotor) gene expression (of the heat shock protein-16 gene, HSP16) 60 Hz - up to 120 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Abramsson-Zetterberg L et al. 2001 animal, mouse/CBA/Ca, whole body number of micronuclei 50 Hz - 18 days (exposed or sham exposed) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Rajkovic V et al. 2001 animal, rat/Mill Hill, whole body thyroid gland histology and thyroid hormone blood concentration in rats 50 Hz - continuous for 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 3 months electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Abou-Ali G et al. 2002 - - 10 Hz–5 MHz - 20-30 min electric field
Otaka Y et al. 2002 animal, mouse/B6C3F1 (F1 generation from male C3H/HeJ and female C57BL/6J mice), whole body tumor incidence 50 Hz - (females) 2 and (males) 9 weeks magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Baum SJ 1979 - - 5 Hz–1 MHz - repeated daily exposure, 8 h/day, for 45 days electric field, signals/pulses
Beraldi R et al. 2003 animal, mouse/CD-1 (embryo), whole body embryo survival 50 Hz - continuous for 5 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz