Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    295 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

295 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    143 studies
  2. Low frequency
    109 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    55 studies

Radio frequency 143 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Othman H et al. 2017 - - 2.45 GHz - - 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi
Topsakal S et al. 2017 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - - - - 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi
Çiftçi ZZ et al. 2018 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Rugh R 1976 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves
Pellegrini A et al. 1994 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves
Holovska K et al. 2021 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves, PW pulsed wave
Otten L et al. 1994 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves, also other exposures without EMF
Finnie JW et al. 2006 animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body blood-brain barrier permeability 900 MHz 4 W/kg repeated daily exposure for 60 min/day from day 1 to day 19 of gestation GSM, mobile communications
Meral O et al. 2016 animal, rabbit/New Zealand White - 1,800 MHz - - GSM, mobile communications, RF field
Vadeyar SH et al. 2000 human, whole body: embryo <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Machata AM et al. 2009 human - - 0.3–3.9 W/kg - MRI
Poutamo J et al. 1998 human, whole body: embryo <i>in utero</i> - - 1.2–3.8 W/kg - MRI
Lo C et al. 2014 - - - - - MRI
Bryan YF et al. 2006 - - - - - MRI
Magin RL et al. 2000 animal, mouse/ICR:HD, whole body - 170 MHz 0.2 W/kg - MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Adey WR et al. 1999 animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body, partial body: head CNS tumors 836.55 MHz 1–1.4 W/kg continuous for about 25 days, see add. information NADC, TDMA, mobile communications, microwaves
Lary JM et al. 1986 - - 27.12 MHz 10.8 W/kg 10 to 40 min. on gestation day 9 RF field
Cheever KL et al. 2001 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body metabolism in maternal animals and embryos (2-Methoxyethanol metabolism, embryonic distribution, and macromolecular adduct formation) 10 MHz 0.8 W/kg–6.6 mW/g continuous for 50 min RF field
Thalau HP et al. 2003 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body temperature changes 1.25 GHz - 1 to 2 h per day for 21 days RF field
Smialowicz RJ et al. 1982 - - 425 MHz 6.7 mW/g repeated daily exposure for 4 hours a day from day 12 of pregnancy to parturition (dams) and for 20 or 40 days (pups) RF field
Vozeh F et al. 2007 animal, mouse/Lurcher mutant and wild type (derived of the two strains C3H and B6CBA), whole body spatial learning ability, motor functions, CNS excitability, development of body weight 870 MHz 0.05–1.44 mW/g repeated daily exposure, 2.5 h/day, for 21 days RF field
Odaci E et al. 2015 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body - 900 MHz - - RF field
Erkut A et al. 2016 - - 1,800 MHz - - RF field
Üstündağ ÜV et al. 2020 - - 15–3,000 MHz - - RF field
Sarapultseva EI et al. 2023 - - 900 MHz - - RF field