Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nam KC et al. | 2006 | human, partial body: head (left side) | different physiological parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, skin resistance) | 835 MHz | 1.6 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | digital mobile phone, CDMA, mobile communications |
Nasiar N et al. | 2018 | human | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, mobile phone base station, residential |
Nassisi V et al. | 2023 | animal, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) larvae | - | 0 Hz–900 MHz | - | - | UHF fields, RF, static magnetic field, low frequency, intermediate frequency |
Nik Abdull Halim NMH et al. | 2024 | invertebrate, yellow fever mosquito (<i>Aedes aegypti</i>) (eggs) | - | 900 MHz–18 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, 5G, millimeter waves, RF |
Nisbet HO et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900–1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Odaci E et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | - | 900 MHz | - | - | RF |
Ohtani S et al. | 2015 | - | - | 2.14 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, W-CDMA |
Okatan DÖ et al. | 2018 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications |
Okatan DÖ et al. | 2019 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Othman H et al. | 2017 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | - | 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi |
Otten L et al. | 1994 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves, also other exposures without EMF |
Ozgur E et al. | 2013 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand, whole body: prenatal and/or postnatal | blood parameters, lipid peroxidation | 1,800 MHz | - | 15 min/day for 7 days in pregnant animals (between 15th and 22nd day of gestation), for 7 days in female infants and for 14 days in male infants | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Ozorak A et al. | 2013 | animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), whole body | oxidative stress (kidney and testis) and level of trace elements (kidney) | 900 MHz | 0.18–1.2 W/kg | 60 min/day (5 days/week) during gestation and up to 6 weeks following delivery | mobile phone, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Pawlak K et al. | 2018 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs) | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM |
Pellegrini A et al. | 1994 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Pelletier A et al. | 2013 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | food intake, sleep and thermoregulatory processes | 900 MHz | 0.1–0.3 mW/kg | continuous for 23.5 h/day, 7 days/week for 5 weeks | RF, CW continuous wave |
Peyman A et al. | 2009 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, wireless transmitter |
Poutamo J et al. | 1998 | human, whole body: embryo <i>in utero</i> | - | - | 1.2–3.8 W/kg | - | MRI |
Preskorn SH et al. | 1978 | animal, mouse/CFW, whole body | longevity/survival | 2.45 GHz | 35 mW/g | 20 min/day during days 11 to 14 of gestation and 19 th to 54 th day post-partum | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Rezk AY et al. | 2008 | human, partial body: head of the mother | fetal and neonatal heart rate and cardiac output | 900 MHz | - | 10 min | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Rugh R | 1976 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Rusnani A et al. | 2008 | - | - | 650 MHz | - | - | microwaves, RF |
Saadia Z | 2018 | human | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Saadia Z et al. | 2018 | human | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Salameh M et al. | 2022 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryos and newborns) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM |
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