Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Othman H et al. | 2017 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | - | 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi |
Topsakal S et al. | 2017 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi |
Çiftçi ZZ et al. | 2018 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF |
Rugh R | 1976 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Pellegrini A et al. | 1994 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Holovska K et al. | 2021 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves, PW pulsed wave |
Otten L et al. | 1994 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves, also other exposures without EMF |
Finnie JW et al. | 2006 | animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body | blood-brain barrier permeability | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure for 60 min/day from day 1 to day 19 of gestation | GSM, mobile communications |
Meral O et al. | 2016 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand White | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | GSM, mobile communications, RF field |
Vadeyar SH et al. | 2000 | human, whole body: embryo <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | - | MRI |
Machata AM et al. | 2009 | human | - | - | 0.3–3.9 W/kg | - | MRI |
Poutamo J et al. | 1998 | human, whole body: embryo <i>in utero</i> | - | - | 1.2–3.8 W/kg | - | MRI |
Lo C et al. | 2014 | - | - | - | - | - | MRI |
Bryan YF et al. | 2006 | - | - | - | - | - | MRI |
Magin RL et al. | 2000 | animal, mouse/ICR:HD, whole body | - | 170 MHz | 0.2 W/kg | - | MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF |
Adey WR et al. | 1999 | animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body, partial body: head | CNS tumors | 836.55 MHz | 1–1.4 W/kg | continuous for about 25 days, see add. information | NADC, TDMA, mobile communications, microwaves |
Lary JM et al. | 1986 | - | - | 27.12 MHz | 10.8 W/kg | 10 to 40 min. on gestation day 9 | RF field |
Cheever KL et al. | 2001 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | metabolism in maternal animals and embryos (2-Methoxyethanol metabolism, embryonic distribution, and macromolecular adduct formation) | 10 MHz | 0.8 W/kg–6.6 mW/g | continuous for 50 min | RF field |
Thalau HP et al. | 2003 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body | temperature changes | 1.25 GHz | - | 1 to 2 h per day for 21 days | RF field |
Smialowicz RJ et al. | 1982 | - | - | 425 MHz | 6.7 mW/g | repeated daily exposure for 4 hours a day from day 12 of pregnancy to parturition (dams) and for 20 or 40 days (pups) | RF field |
Vozeh F et al. | 2007 | animal, mouse/Lurcher mutant and wild type (derived of the two strains C3H and B6CBA), whole body | spatial learning ability, motor functions, CNS excitability, development of body weight | 870 MHz | 0.05–1.44 mW/g | repeated daily exposure, 2.5 h/day, for 21 days | RF field |
Odaci E et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | - | 900 MHz | - | - | RF field |
Erkut A et al. | 2016 | - | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | RF field |
Üstündağ ÜV et al. | 2020 | - | - | 15–3,000 MHz | - | - | RF field |
Sarapultseva EI et al. | 2023 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | RF field |
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