Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

843 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    298 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 156 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Huuskonen H et al. 1998 - - 20 kHz - continuous from gestation day 0 to 18. magnetic field, PC/TV monitor, intermediate frequency
Leal J et al. 1982 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs) - 100 Hz - continuous for 48 h magnetic field, geomagnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz
Svedenstal BM et al. 1995 animal, mouse/CBA/s, whole body fetal resorption 20 kHz - continuous for 5 1/2 or 7 days magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Juutilainen J et al. 1986 - - 1 Hz–100 kHz - 52 hrs magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Dawson BV et al. 1998 - - 10.8 kHz - continuous 20 to 23.5 h/d, for 45 d to 58 d before mating magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Kim SH et al. 2004 - - 20 kHz - repeated daily exposure, 8 h/d, from Day 2.5 to 15.5 of gestation. magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Severini M et al. 2003 animal, tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, whole body - 50 Hz–15.797 kHz - 12 h/day from day 3 untill metamorphosis magnetic field, intermediate frequency, 50/60 Hz
Nishimura I et al. 2011 animal, rat/Crl:CD(SD), whole body malformations of fetuses 20 kHz - continuous for 22 h/day from day 7 to day 17 of gestation magnetic field, intermediate frequency, induction cooker
Lee HJ et al. 2009 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body mortality and morphological abnormalities, uterine contents 20 kHz - 8 h/day from day 2.5 to day 15.5 of gestation magnetic field, intermediate frequency, occupational
Ubeda A et al. 1994 - - 100 Hz - 48 hrs magnetic field, low frequency