Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

842 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    297 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 134 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Vagula M et al. 2013 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Liu C et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Wu H et al. 2023 - - - - - W-LAN/WiFi, RF field, 2.45 GHz
Karadayi A et al. 2024 - - - - - CW continuous wave, W-LAN/WiFi, microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Prasad N et al. 1990 animal, embryos of <i>Rana pipiens</i> (Northern leopard frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 0 Hz - 1 hr RF field, static magnetic field, MRI
Gagnon ZE et al. 2003 animal, mouse/Swiss Webster, whole body embryo development 0 Hz–25 MHz - exposure started on the 18th day of pregnancy; one week later, offspring was born and maintained together with their mothers for 21 days. After that, only the mothers were left to continue for another 4 weeks. EMF general
Yip YP et al. 1994 animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 15–200 Hz - continuous for 6 h MRI
Heinrichs WL et al. 1988 animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body - 15–400 Hz - continuous for 16 h MRI, also other exposures without EMF
Pafkova H et al. 1994 animal, chicken (embryo), whole body - 50 Hz - see remark* 50/60 Hz, therapeutic/medical device
Tsybulin O et al. 2013 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> number of somites in the embryos 890–915 Hz 3 µW/kg intermittent for 38 h: 48 sec "on" (speech mode), 12 sec "off" mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications