To study the influence of the pulsed electromagnetic field with different pulse duty cycles on neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells (these cells can react to the addition of the nerve growth factor by differentiating and growing neurites).
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
50 Hz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
continuous for 96 h
10% pulse duty
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
50 Hz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
continuous for 96 h
30% pulse duty
|
|
|
Exposure 3:
50 Hz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
continuous for 96 h
50% pulse duty
|
|
|
Exposure 4:
50 Hz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
continuous for 96 h
80% pulse duty
|
|
|
Exposure 5:
Exposure duration:
continuous for 96 h
|
|
|
Exposure 6:
Exposure duration:
continuous for 96 h
|
|
| Frequency | 50 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 96 h |
| Additional info | 10% pulse duty |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Rise time | 2 ms |
| Fall time | 2 ms |
| Additional info |
Rectangular pulses with 10 % duty cycle |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Chamber | 5% CO2 incubator maintained at 37°C |
| Setup | 3 Dishes were placed horizontally, centered between the two coils within the incubator. The magnetic field was parallel to the surface of the medium. |
| Additional info | The coils were mounted coaxially and were 13 cm apart. identical control dishes were kept in an second identical incubator without electromagnetic field for the same amount time. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1.36 mT | peak value | measured | - | - |
| Frequency | 50 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 96 h |
| Additional info | 30% pulse duty |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Rise time | 2 ms |
| Fall time | 2 ms |
| Additional info |
Rectangular pulses with 30 % duty cycle |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1.36 mT | peak value | measured | - | - |
| Frequency | 50 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 96 h |
| Additional info | 50% pulse duty |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Rise time | 2 ms |
| Fall time | 2 ms |
| Additional info |
Rectangular pulses with 50 % duty cycle |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1.36 mT | peak value | measured | - | - |
| Frequency | 50 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 96 h |
| Additional info | 80% pulse duty |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Rise time | 2 ms |
| Fall time | 2 ms |
| Additional info |
Rectangular pulses with 80 % duty cycle |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1.36 mT | peak value | measured | - | - |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1.36 mT | - | measured | - | - |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 100 µT | - | measured | - | - |
The pulse duty cycle had significant effect on neurite outgrowth. Low (10%) pulse on-time significantly inhibited the percentage of neurite bearing cells. At the same time it increased the average length of neurites, while 100% on-time had exactly the opposite effects. Furthermore, the authors found that neurites were prone to extend along the direction of pulsed electromagnetic fields with 10% pulse on-time.
The studies show that neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells is sensitive to the pulse duty and this sensitivity was associated with nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration.
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