To investigate the effects of exposure to a static magnetic field in combination with horizontal or vertical extremely low frequency magnetic fields on cell proliferation in endothelial cells and on superoxide level in rat glioma cells.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
Exposure duration:
not given
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Exposure 2:
Exposure duration:
not given
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Exposure 3:
0–18 Hz
Exposure duration:
not given
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Exposure 4:
0–18 Hz
Exposure duration:
not given
|
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|
Exposure 5:
0–18 Hz
Exposure duration:
not given
|
|
|
Exposure 6:
Exposure duration:
not given
near-zero magnetic field
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Exposure 7:
50 Hz
Exposure duration:
24 hours
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Exposure 8:
50 Hz
Exposure duration:
24 hours
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|
| Frequency | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | not given |
| Additional info | endothelial cells |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Chamber | cells were exposed in 8 by 12 cm 6-well plates, plates were centered vertically and horizontally between coils; temperature 30°C |
| Setup | triaxial single-wound Helmholtz coils were used to generate uniform static MF and vertical or horizontal 18 Hz magnetic fields, each coil consisted of 20 turns of copper wire, side of each square coil measured 20–25 cm; distance between each pair of coils was 10–12 cm; a function generator was connected directly to the coils |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 60 µT | - | measured | - | - |
| Frequency | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | not given |
| Additional info | endothelial cells |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 120 µT | - | measured | - | - |
| Frequency | 0–18 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | not given |
| Additional info | endothelial cells, combined field DC + AC (18 Hz) |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 60 µT | - | measured | - | static magnetic field |
| magnetic flux density | 30 µT | effective value | measured | - | vertical 18 Hz magnetic field |
| Frequency | 0–18 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | not given |
| Additional info | endothelial cells, combined field DC + AC (18 Hz) |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 60 µT | - | measured | - | static magnetic field |
| magnetic flux density | 30 µT | effective value | measured | - | horizontal 18 Hz magnetic field |
| Frequency | 0–18 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | not given |
| Additional info | endothelial cells, combined field DC + AC (18 Hz) |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 120 µT | - | measured | - | static magnetic field |
| magnetic flux density | 30 µT | effective value | measured | - | vertical 18 Hz magnetic field |
| Frequency | |
|---|---|
| Exposure duration | not given |
| Additional info | near-zero magnetic field |
| Additional info | endothelial cells |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 0.2 µT | minimum | measured | - | - |
| magnetic flux density | 2 µT | maximum | measured | - | - |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Chamber | temperature was constant (± 0.1°C) |
| Setup | Helmholtz coils were used to produce the 50 Hz magnetic field; each coil (radius of 10.5 cm) consisted of 5 turns of copper wire with 2 mm diameter; to produce either a vertical or a horizontal field, coil system could be turned; two identical coil systems in two identical incubators were used for simultaneous magnetic field exposure and sham exposure (no current connected for sham exposure) |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Additional info | geomagnetic field was about 33 µT and almost vertical (inclination 80–85°) in the incubators |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 30 µT | - | measured | - | horizontal |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 30 µT | - | measured | - | vertical |
In endothelial cells grown under a near-zero magnetic field (exposure 6), cell proliferation was significantly decreased compared to static magnetic fields of 60 and 120 µT (exposure 1 and 2). The vertical 18 Hz magnetic field in combination with the static magnetic field of 60 µT (exposure 3) resulted in a slight, significant increase compared to the static magnetic field alone (exposure 1). However, cell proliferation in cells exposed to a combination of horizontal 18 Hz magnetic field and static magnetic field (exposure 4) was significantly reduced to half of that of static magnetic field alone (exposure 1). A further experiment which compared only the near-zero magnetic field (exposure 6) with the combined horizontal 18 Hz magnetic field and static magnetic field of 60 µT (exposure 4) confirmed that the combined field significantly decreased the cell proliferation.
In rat glioma cells, the cytosolic superoxide level was significantly increased under exposure to the horizontal 50 Hz magnetic field (exposure 7) compared to the sham exposed cells but not under the vertical magnetic field (exposure 8). No effects were observed on cell viability and level of superoxide in mitochondria between sham exposed cells and those exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field (exposure 7 and 8).
The results indicate that the effects of a static magnetic field on cell proliferation in endothelial cells and superoxide level in rat glioma cells can be disrupted by a weaker extremely low frequency magnetic field depending on the relative direction of the extremely low frequency field.
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