Study overviews

Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:

Epidemiological studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on children

337 studies in total
  1. Leukemia
    134 studies
  2. Other health effects
    89 studies
  3. Pregnancy outcomes
    88 studies
  4. Brain/CNS tumor
    68 studies
  5. Other types of cancer
    32 studies
  6. Lymphoma
    20 studies
  7. Cancer (unspecified)
    19 studies

Other health effects

89 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    70 studies
  2. Low frequency
    31 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    one study

Radio frequency 70 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Farashi S et al. 2022 meta-analysis men, women, children, 6–80 years - - headache mobile communications, mobile phone
Abramson MJ et al. 2009 cross-sectional study children, 11–14 years 2005 - 2006 Australia cognitive function (signal detection, working memory, simple learning, associative learning, movement monitoring/estimation, Stroop test) mobile communications, digital mobile phone, personal
Thomas S et al. 2010 cohort study children, 12–15 years 2006 - 2007 Australia cognitive function (signal detection, working memory, learning, Stroop test) mobile communications, digital mobile phone, personal
Redmayne M et al. 2016 cohort study children, 8–11 years 2011 Australia cognitive function (signal detection, working memory, learning, Stroop test) mobile phone, mobile communications, cordless phone
Bhatt CR et al. 2017 cohort study children, 9–11 years 2010 - 2012, follow-up 2012 - 2013 Australia cognitive function mobile communications, mobile phone, cordless phone
Brzozek C et al. 2019 reanalysis children, 9–11 years 2011 - 2013 Australia cognitive function mobile communications, mobile phone
Babu MA et al. 2023 survey men, women, children, 1–30 years - Bangladesh health effects (e.g. headache, poor eyesight, mental health, eating habit) mobile communications, mobile phone, W-LAN/WiFi, laptop/tablet
Zheng F et al. 2014 cross-sectional study men, women, children, 12–20 years not stated China inattention mobile phone, mobile communications, personal
Zheng F et al. 2015 cross-sectional study children, 9–12 years October 2011 - May 2012 China headache, dizziness, fatigue, feeling low, heart beating fast, sleep disturbances mobile phone, mobile communications
Wang J et al. 2017 meta-analysis men, women, children, 7–70 years 1996 - 2014 China, Denmark, India, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, Taiwan headache mobile phone, mobile communications, analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, NMT, GSM
Preece AW et al. 2007 survey men, women, children 2001 Cyprus all cancer, all childhood cancer, reproductive history, sex ratio, congenital abnormalities, specific illnesses such as diabetes, migraine; childhood illnesses, mortality, general health, risk perception RF field, residential
Divan HA et al. 2008 cohort study children, children in utero, 7 years November 2006 Denmark behavioral problems: conduct, hyperactivity, emotional, peer and social disorders mobile communications, digital mobile phone, personal
Divan HA et al. 2012 cohort study children, children in utero, 7 years December 2008 Denmark behavioural problems mobile communications, mobile phone, personal
Divan HA et al. 2011 cohort study children, 0–7 years 1996 - 2002, 2008 Denmark developmental delays of motor, cognitive, and language milestones mobile phone, mobile communications, personal
Sudan M et al. 2012 cohort study children, children in utero, ≥ 7 years until April 2010 Denmark migraine, headaches, headache-related symptoms (stomach aches or sickness) mobile phone, mobile communications, personal
Sudan M et al. 2013 cohort study children, 0–7 years 1996 - 2002 Denmark hearing loss mobile phone, mobile communications, personal
Sudan M et al. 2016 cohort study women, children in utero, 7–11 years 1996 - 2002, follow-up at the age of 7 and 11 years Denmark emotional and behavioural difficulties mobile communications, mobile phone
Birks L et al. 2017 cohort study children, children in utero, 5–7 years 1996 - 2011 Denmark, Netherlands, Korea, Norway, and Spain overall behavioral problems, hyperactivity/inattention problems and emotional problems mobile communications, mobile phone
Sudan M et al. 2018 - children, children in utero, 4–6 years - Denmark, Spain, Korea cognitive function mobile communications, mobile phone
Zaghloul NM et al. 2019 - men, women, children, 15–64 years 2018 Egypt headache, vision problems, ear problems, musculo-skeletal problems, psychological troubles, social impact, weight changes, sleep disturbances mobile communications, mobile phone
Eger H et al. 2009 preliminary study men, women, children, ≥ 10 years 2000 - 2007 Germany brain tumor, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian carcinoma, melanoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer mobile communications, mobile phone base station, residential
Thomas S et al. 2010 cross-sectional study children, 8–17 years 2006 - 2008 Germany overall behavioural problems (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer relationship problems) mobile communications, digital mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, RF field, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, personal
Milde-Busch A et al. 2010 cross-sectional study children, 13–17 years not stated Germany headache (migraine, tension-type headache, miscellaneous headache) mobile communications, digital mobile phone, personal
Heinrich S et al. 2011 cross-sectional study children, 8–17 years 2006 - 2007 Germany chronic symptoms over the last 6 months: headache, irritation, nervousness, dizziness, fatigue, and fear, sleep disturbances mobile phone, digital mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, RF field, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, residential, personal
Heinrich S et al. 2010 cross-sectional study children, 8–17 years 2006 - 2008 Germany headache, irritation, nervousness, dizziness, fatigue and concentration problems mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, RF field, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, residential, personal