Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Merritt JH et al. | 1984 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body: in utero | brain development | 2.45 GHz | 400 µW/g | repeated daily exposure, 24 h/day for 16 days | microwaves, PW pulsed wave, 2.45 GHz |
Motawi TK et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Wistar albino | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Movvahedi MM et al. | 2014 | human, partial body: ear | - | 900 MHz | 1.45 W/kg | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Nakas M et al. | 1981 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Nakas M et al. | 1979 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Narayanan SN et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | oxidative stress in the brain | 890–915 MHz | 1.58 W/kg | intermittent for 1 h/day for 28 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Narayanan SN et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | neural structure of the hippocampus, learning and spatial memory | 900 MHz | 1.15 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day for 28 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field |
Noor NA et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/albino | amino acid neurotransmitter levels in different brain areas | 900 MHz | 1.165 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day for up to 4 months | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Odaci E et al. | 2008 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, partial body: maternal head | histopathology of the hippocampus, number of granule cells in the dentate gyrus | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | 60 min/day, from the first to the last day of gestation | mobile communications |
Odaci E et al. | 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field |
Okur ZH et al. | 2021 | animal, rat/ Wistar albino | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Orendacova J et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | postnatal neurogenesis | 2.45 GHz | - | continuous for 2 h on postnatal day 7 or day 28 | microwaves, PW pulsed wave, 2.45 GHz |
Othman H et al. | 2017 | animal, rat/Wistar albino (embryo), whole body | mental development and oxidative stress in brain of rat pups | 2.45 GHz | - | 2 hours/day during gestation | W-LAN/WiFi, RF field, 2.45 GHz |
Paulraj R et al. | 2006 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | morphological changes and protein kinase C enzyme activity in the developing rat brain | 2.45 GHz | 0.11 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 35 days | microwave pulses, 2.45 GHz |
Paulraj R et al. | 2012 | - | - | 9.9 GHz | 1 W/kg | 2 h/day for 35 days | microwaves, radar |
Paulraj R et al. | 2012 | - | - | 16.5 GHz | 2.01 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day at 35 days (6 days/week) | low level microwaves, AM amplitude modulation |
Petitdant N et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure |
Ragbetli MC et al. | 2009 | animal, mouse/Swiss albino, whole body | number of pyramidal cells in the Cornu Ammonis | 890–915 MHz | 1.2 W/kg | 12 hr/day for 19 - 20 days (gestation period) + 20 days after birth (female offspring only) | mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Ragbetli MC et al. | 2010 | animal, mouse/Swiss albino, whole body | number of Purkinje cells and granule cells in the developing cerebellum | 890–915 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | continuous for 12 hr/day - 11 hr + 45 min. in stand-by mode, 15 min. in talking mode - for 19 - 20 days druing gestation | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Rashidova AM | 2021 | - | - | 460 MHz | - | - | microwaves |
Razavinasab M et al. | 2016 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | electrophysiological changes of pyramidal cells, learning and memory | 900 MHz | 0.3–0.9 W/kg | 6 h/day during gestation | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Sahin A et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | - | 900 MHz | 0.024 W/kg | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Saikhedkar N et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | structure and function of the rat brain and oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.99 W/kg | continuous for 4 h/day for 15 days | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Sharma A et al. | 2017 | animal, mouse/Swiss albino (pregnant females) | - | 10 GHz | - | - | microwaves |
Sharma A et al. | 2017 | - | - | 10 GHz | - | - | microwaves |
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