Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

884 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    313 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    49 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Fertility

49 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    29 studies
  2. Low frequency
    19 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    2 studies
  4. Other
    one study

Radio frequency 29 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Jha N et al. 2025 animal, rat/ Wistar - 700 MHz - - mobile communications, 5G
Okatan DÖ et al. 2018 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, RF, CW continuous wave
Hanci H et al. 2018 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, RF
Sehitoglu I et al. 2015 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Imai N et al. 2011 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body testicular function 1.95 GHz 0.08–0.4 W/kg continuous for 5 h/day, 7 days/week during 5 weeks mobile phone, W-CDMA, mobile communications, RF, CW continuous wave
Calis P et al. 2021 animal, rat/Wistar albino - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF, co-exposure
Ozlem Nisbet H et al. 2012 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body testicular function 900 MHz 0.011–3 mW/kg continuous for 2 h/day for 90 days GSM, mobile communications
Atasoy HI et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body effects on rat testes (oxidative stress, DNA damage) 2.437 GHz 0.091 W/kg continuous for 24 h/day for 20 weeks W-LAN/WiFi
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar-Han, whole body malformation, histological examination of male reproductive system and of ovaries; number and distribution of resorption sites and fetuses 2.45 GHz 0.08–4 W/kg continuous for 1 h/day, 6 days/week for up to 36 days: 2 weeks (female) or 3 weeks (male) pre-mating + 3 weeks (all animals) post-mating microwaves, PW pulsed wave, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz, wireless transmitter/antenna