Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    295 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

295 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    143 studies
  2. Low frequency
    109 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    55 studies

Radio frequency 143 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Sarapultseva EI et al. 2023 - - 900 MHz - - RF field
De Paepe S et al. 2023 - - 5.4 GHz - - RF field
Chang YW et al. 2023 - - - - - microwaves, microw. oven/heating device, 2.45 GHz
Bryan YF et al. 2006 - - - - - MRI
Braithwaite LA et al. 1993 - - - - - microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Rugh R 1976 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves
Tungjitwitayakul J et al. 2016 - - - - - microwaves, microw. oven/heating device, also other exposures without EMF
Rusnani A et al. 2008 - - 650 MHz - - microwaves, RF field
Pellegrini A et al. 1994 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves
Zook BC et al. 2005 - - - - - RF field, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Otten L et al. 1994 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves, also other exposures without EMF
Gildersleeve RP et al. 1988 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: eggs (<i>in ovo</i>) cell death or injury 2.45 GHz 4.03 nW/g first 12 days of artifical breeding microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Yakymenko I et al. 2018 animal, Japanese quail eggs - 1,800 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Hässig M et al. 2009 animal, calf, whole body effects on eye (nuclear cataract; oxidative stress) - - continuous for 1 year mobile communications, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS
Pawlak K et al. 2018 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Bastide M et al. 2001 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) and chicks, mouse/C57BL/6 j RJ, whole body cancer in mice, hormone levels in chicken and mice, antibody levels in chicken, mortality in chicken embryos 900 MHz - continuous for up to 15 weeks mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, shielding/field deprivation
Zareen N et al. 2009 animal, chicken embryos/Desi (eggs), whole body effects on the eye: retinal differentiation 1,800 MHz - 15 min twice daily for up to 15 days mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field
Di Carlo A et al. 2002 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body stress response (HSP70 induction), hypoxia 60 Hz 1.7 W/kg continuous for 30 min or 4 days, or repeated daily exposure for 20, 30 or 60 min, once or twice daily, for 4 days microwaves, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Thalau HP et al. 2003 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body temperature changes 1.25 GHz - 1 to 2 h per day for 21 days RF field
Yenilmez F 2022 animal, chicken/Ross (egg) - 800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Shallom JM et al. 2002 animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body heat shock protein production 30–90 Hz 1.75–2.5 W/kg continuous for 30 min microwaves
D'Silva MH et al. 2021 animal, hen eggs (<i>Gallus domesticus</i> ) - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, UMTS
Saran A et al. 2007 animal, mouse/<i>Patched1</i> (heterozygous knockout mouse) and wild type, whole body carcinogenesis and tumor promotion 900 MHz 0.4 W/kg 0.5 h/twice a day for 5 days (from day 2 to day 6 after birth) with a 6 h intervall between exposures digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Tillmann T et al. 2010 animal, mouse/B6C3F1, whole body neoplasms and pre-neoplastic lesions and tumour incidences in spleen, kidneys, liver, lung, lymph nodes, and brain 1,966 MHz 0.62–5.76 W/kg continuous for 20 hr/day, 7 days/week for up to 24 months UMTS, mobile communications
Smith-Roe SL et al. 2020 animal, mouse/B6C3F1/N, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 900–1,900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, CDMA, mobile phone