Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yuksel M et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900–2,450 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Bastide M et al. | 2001 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs) and chicks, mouse/C57BL/6 j RJ, whole body | cancer in mice, hormone levels in chicken and mice, antibody levels in chicken, mortality in chicken embryos | 900 MHz | - | continuous for up to 15 weeks | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, shielding/field deprivation |
Bhargav H et al. | 2017 | human | - | 2,100 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications |
Lerchl A et al. | 2015 | animal, mouse/C3H/HeNCrl x C57Bl/6N, whole body | number, size and morphology of tumors in different tissues | - | 0.04–2 W/kg | continuous for 23.3 h per day, 7 days per week, starting <i>in utero</i> up to 72 weeks | mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Shirai T et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | fertility, development, brain functions and morphology of major organs of rats | 2.14 GHz | 0.034–0.244 W/g | continuous for 20 h/day over 3 generations | mobile phone, W-CDMA, mobile communications |
Choi SB et al. | 2014 | human | - | 1,950 MHz | 1.57 W/kg | - | mobile phone, W-CDMA, mobile communications, personal |
Kayabasoglu G et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | effects on the auditory system (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) | 900–1,800 MHz | 0.851–0.934 W/kg | continuous for 6 h/day on 30 days | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Cetin H et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), whole body | oxidative stress and concentration of diverse chemical elements (see methods) in brain and liver of young rats | 900 MHz | 0.001–1.1 W/kg | 1 hour per day, starting <i>in utero</i> until the age of 4, 5, or 6 weeks | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Turedi S et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | oxidative stress and histology of the heart | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Bedir R et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryo), whole body | development of kidneys | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 20 days during pregnancy | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Shivashankara AR et al. | 2015 | human | - | - | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Hanci H et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | oxidative stress and histology of spleen and thymus | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day between days 13 and 21 of pregnancy | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Yilmaz A et al. | 2017 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Kerimoglu G et al. | 2016 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | morphology and oxidative stress in the heart | 900 MHz | 0.0093 W/kg | 1 h/day between postnatal days 21 and 59 | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Yakymenko I et al. | 2018 | animal, Japanese quail eggs | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Zareen N et al. | 2009 | animal, chicken embryos/Desi (eggs), whole body | effects on the eye: retinal differentiation | 1,800 MHz | - | 15 min twice daily for up to 15 days | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field |
Ozorak A et al. | 2013 | animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), whole body | oxidative stress (kidney and testis) and level of trace elements (kidney) | 900 MHz | 0.18–1.2 W/kg | 60 min/day (5 days/week) during gestation and up to 6 weeks following delivery | mobile phone, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Ulubay M et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Wistar albino (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> | - | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, co-exposure |
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