Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    295 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 156 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Bayat PD et al. 2011 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body embryogenesis (spleen development) 50 Hz - continuous for 10 h/day on 5 days magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Lahijani MS et al. 2011 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body histopathology and apoptosis processes in chicken embryo brains, abnormalities 50 Hz - continuous for 24 h before incubation magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Nishimura I et al. 2011 animal, rat/Crl:CD(SD), whole body malformations of fetuses 20 kHz - continuous for 22 h/day from day 7 to day 17 of gestation magnetic field, intermediate frequency, induction cooker
Roda O et al. 2011 animal, fertilized eggs of <i>Gallus domesticus</i> (chicken; Leghorn HR7 variety) embryonal development 50 Hz - 1 s on - 0.5 s off - for 45 h, 15 days or 21 days magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz
Tayefi H et al. 2010 animal, rat/ Wistar (embryos and neonatal rats), whole body effects on the heart: myocardial damage (oxidative stress, apoptosis, histological evaluation) 50 Hz - 4 hours/day for 7 days/week (during pregnancy and until postnatal day 20) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Severini M et al. 2010 animal, spawn and tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, whole body tadpole development and teratogenic effects 50 Hz - continuous for 22 days magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Severini M et al. 2010 animal, tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, whole body tadpole development and teratogenic effects 50 Hz - continuous for 60 days magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Krylov VV 2010 invertebrate, <i>Daphnia magna</i> Straus (great water flea) embryogenesis, developmental stages, morphometric and production characteristics of adult females that developed from the exposed eggs; survival rate 45–500 Hz - up to 43.70 h magnetic field, low frequency
Severini M et al. 2009 animal, African clawed frog tadpoles (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>), whole body tadpole development 0–50 Hz - not reported, probably during the whole development magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Shams Lahijani M et al. 2009 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body histopathological and ultrastructural changes in livers in chicken embryos and malformations 50 Hz - continuous for 24 hr magnetic field, 50/60 Hz