Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

843 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    298 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 134 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Amer FI et al. 2013 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body: <i>in utero</i> malformation, histopathological changes in the retina 950 MHz 1–1.6 W/kg 2 h/day for 8 consecutive days from day 7 to 14 of gestation RF field, microwaves
Xenos TD et al. 2003 animal, mouse/Bulb/c/f; Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix Japonica</i>); chicken eggs of the strain KOBB; rat, whole body development during prenatal exposure 95 MHz 189 µW/kg–5.655 mW/kg continuous for 6 months RF field, microwaves, UHF fields, Radio/TV transmitter, TV broadcast (VHF/UHF), FM broadcast (UKW)
Lyaginskaja AM et al. 2010 - - - - - RF field, source not given
Prasad N et al. 1990 animal, embryos of <i>Rana pipiens</i> (Northern leopard frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 0 Hz - 1 hr RF field, static magnetic field, MRI
Behr KP et al. 1991 animal, chicken embryos, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - - - - RF field, static magnetic field, MRI
Song X et al. 2023 - - 2.52 THz - - TeraHz
Dietzel F 1975 - - 27.12 MHz - 5 min UHF fields, microwaves
DastAmooz S et al. 2023 - - 2.4 GHz - - W-LAN/WiFi
Wu H et al. 2023 - - - - - W-LAN/WiFi, RF field, 2.45 GHz
Tsybulin O et al. 2012 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: embryo <i>in ovo</i> number of somites in the embryos the 38 h exposed group; survival rate and hatchability of chicks, oxidative stress in brain, liver and heart in the 14 days exposed group 890–915 MHz 0.79 W/kg continuous for 38 h digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, low level microwaves