Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berman E et al. | 1982 | animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body | fetus abnormalities | 2.45 GHz | 16.5 mW/g | 100 min/day from 6th-17th day of gestation | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Byman D et al. | 1985 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | 2 x 30 min/day for 17 days | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Chazan B et al. | 1983 | animal, mouse/Swiss, whole body | embryonal, fetal, and postnatal development | 2.45 GHz | 4–18 mW/g | 2 h/day for 4 days | microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Clark MW et al. | 1987 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 4 nW/g | first 12 days of embryogeny (incubation) | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Gildersleeve RP et al. | 1986 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 4 nW/g | first 12 days of embryogeny | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
McRee DI et al. | 1975 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 14 nW/g | 4h/day during the first 5 days of incubation | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
McRee DI et al. | 1977 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 4.03 nW/g | first 12 days of development | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Hamrick PE et al. | 1975 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | continuous, 24 h | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Galvin MJ et al. | 1983 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 103.4 µW/g | 3h/day from day 4- day 20 of pregnancy | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Berman E et al. | 1978 | animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body | fetus abnormalities | 2.45 GHz | 4.05 mW/g | continuous for 100 min/day for up to 17 days | microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Berman E et al. | 1982 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 6–9 mW/g | 100 min./day from 6th till 14th day of gestation | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Chernovetz ME et al. | 1975 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 38 W/kg | 10 min on the 11th, 12th, 13th or 14th day of gestation | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Berman E et al. | 1981 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, whole body | fetus abnormalities | 2.45 GHz | 4.2 mW/g | 100 min/day for 6th to 15th day of gestation | microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Fisher PD et al. | 1979 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | continuous; for 4 days | 2.45 GHz, microwaves, CW continuous wave, low level microwaves |
Kaplan J et al. | 1982 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 0.034–3.4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 3 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 months | 2.45 GHz |
Clarke RL et al. | 1983 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 80 W/kg | 300 s | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Berman E et al. | 1984 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, whole body | fetus abnormalities | 2.45 GHz | 6 mW/g | intermittent; 100 min /day, day 6-15 of gestation | microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Schmidt RE et al. | 1984 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 400 µW/g | continuous, from day 2-day18 of gestation | low level microwaves |
Michaelson SM et al. | 1976 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | 1 h | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Marcickiewicz J et al. | 1986 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 4–16 W/kg | 2 h/day on days 1-18 of gestation. | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | teratogenic effects (prenatal and postnatal development) | 2,450 MHz | 0.08–4 W/kg | 2 h/day, 6 days/week for 18 days | digital mobile phone, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi |
Schwartz JL et al. | 1985 | - | - | 2.695 GHz | 23 mW/g | repeated daily exposure of 12 hrs/day for 20 days | microwaves, PW pulsed wave |
Pyle SD et al. | 1975 | - | - | 2.7 GHz | - | - | microwaves, PW pulsed wave |
Dasgupta S et al. | 2020 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | 3.5 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G, 5G, LTE |
Bodin R et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (pregnant) | - | 3,500 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, 5G, RF field, CW continuous wave |
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