Study type: Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Effects of millimeter-wave radiation on monolayer cell cultures. II. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy med./bio.

By: Stensaas LJ, Partlow LM, Bush LG, Iversen PL, Hill DW, Hagmann MJ, Gandhi OP
Published in: Bioelectromagnetics 1981; 2 (2): 141-150
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Aim of study (acc. to author)

To investigate the ultrastructure of monolayer cell cultures by using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques after millimeter wave exposure.

Endpoint

Exposure

Exposure Parameters
Exposure 1: 41.8 GHz
Modulation type: CW
Exposure duration: continuous for 1 h
Exposure 2: 74 GHz
Modulation type: CW
Exposure duration: continuous for 1 h
Exposure 3: 41.8 GHz
Modulation type: CW
Exposure duration: continuous for 1 h

Exposure 1

Main characteristics
Frequency 41.8 GHz
Type
Exposure duration continuous for 1 h
Modulation
Modulation type CW
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Setup culture dishes placed on the open end of the waveguide
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
power density 320 mW/cm² average over time - - -
power density 640 mW/cm² maximum - - 0 -640 mW/cm²

Exposure 2

Main characteristics
Frequency 74 GHz
Type
Exposure duration continuous for 1 h
Modulation
Modulation type CW
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
power density 450 mW/cm² average over time cf. remarks - -
power density 900 mW/cm² maximum cf. remarks - -

Exposure 3

Main characteristics
Frequency 41.8 GHz
Type
Exposure duration continuous for 1 h
Modulation
Modulation type CW
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
power density 600 mW/cm² - - - -
power density 800 mW/cm² - - - -
power density 1,000 mW/cm² - - - -
power density 2,000 mW/cm² maximum - - -

Exposed system:

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

Investigated system:
Time of investigation:
  • after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

Cell ultrastructure was found to be unaffected by millimeter wave exposure when temperature did not exceed 42°C. If the temperature reached or exceeded 44.5°C cell morphology was affected (e.g. large empty vesicles in the cytoplasm, increased clumping of heterochromatin).

Study character:

Study funded by

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