The aim of the study was to assess the influence of electromagnetic fields on the prooxidative and antioxidative balances in homogenates of the tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines of rats.
Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) control group 2) group exposed to extremely low frequency electric fields (50 Hz), 3) group exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones (900 MHz), and 4) group co-exposed 50 Hz and 900 MHz.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
50 Hz
Exposure duration:
22 h per day for 28 consecutive days
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
900 MHz
Exposure duration:
every 30 min a single connection lasting 15 s were performed (16 connections per day for 28 consecutive days)
|
|
| Frequency | 50 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | 22 h per day for 28 consecutive days |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Setup | one electrode received a potential of 5 kV from a high-voltage generator; the cage was placed on the ground electrode |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| electric field strength | 10 kV/m | - | - | - | - |
| Frequency | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | every 30 min a single connection lasting 15 s were performed (16 connections per day for 28 consecutive days) |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Setup | mobile phone was placed under the cage; the cage was placed on the ground electrode |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| power density | 85.3 µW/m² | mean | - | - | during initialization of the connection |
| power density | 17 µW/m² | mean | - | - | during the connection |
In rats exposed to extremely low frequency electric fields, higher concentrations of the markers of prooxidant processes (malondialdehyde or total oxidative status) were observed in the salivary glands, esophagus, and small intestine homogenates in comparison with the control group. Additionally, a higher enzyme activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase in homogenates of the tongue, salivary glands, and esophagus was found as well as decreased enzyme activity of catalase in homogenates of the tongue, esophagus, and small intestine.
In animals exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, the concentration of total oxidative status was higher in the large intestine than in control rats. Additionally, a decreased enzyme activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutases in homogenates of the salivary glands, stomach, small and large intestine as well as of catalase in homogenates of the tongue, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine was found.
In rats co-exposed to extremely low frequency electric fields and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, a decreased enzyme activity of catalase in homogenates of the tongue, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine in comparison to the control group was found.
In conclusion, the data showed that a 4-week exposure to electric extremely low frequency and radiofrequency fields influenced redox balance in the examined tissues.
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