Study overviews

Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:

Epidemiological studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on children

337 studies in total
  1. Leukemia
    134 studies
  2. Other health effects
    89 studies
  3. Pregnancy outcomes
    88 studies
  4. Brain/CNS tumor
    68 studies
  5. Other types of cancer
    32 studies
  6. Lymphoma
    20 studies
  7. Cancer (unspecified)
    19 studies

Leukemia

134 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    112 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    19 studies
  3. Other
    5 studies
  4. DC and static fields
    one study

Low frequency 112 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Nguyen A et al. 2023 case-control study children, 0–15 years 1988 - 2008 USA childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure, residential
Malavolti M et al. 2024 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1998 - 2019 Italy childhood leukemia magnetic field, electrical substation, low frequency, residential
Crespi CM et al. 2024 case-control study children, 0–15 years 1967-2017 Finland, Israel, Hungary, The Netherlands, Switzerland childhood leukemia magnetic field, low frequency, residential
Duarte-Rodríguez DA et al. 2024 case-control study men, women, children, ≤ 18 years 2006 - 2013 Mexico childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia magnetic field, power transmission line, electrical substation, low frequency, also other exposures without EMF
Bowman JD et al. 1995 case-control study, reanalysis children, 0–10 years not stated USA childhood leukemia magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, residential
Feychting M et al. 2000 cohort study children, 0–14 years 1976 - 1993 Sweden childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Lin RS et al. 1994 cohort study children, 0–14 years 1979 - 1988 Taiwan childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Li CY et al. 1998 cohort study children, 0–14 years 1987 - 1992 Taiwan childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Verkasalo PK et al. 1993 cohort study children, 0–19 years 1970 - 1989 Finland childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, central nervous system tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Svendsen AL et al. 2007 cohort study children, 1–14 years July 1988 - June 1993 (Lower Saxony), January 1991 - September 1994 (Berlin), January 1990 - September 1994 (West Germany) West-Germany acute lymphoblastic leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Auger N et al. 2019 cohort study children, children in utero, newborns, 0–11 years 2006 - 2017 Canada childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, solide tumors power transmission line, electrical substation, 50/60 Hz, electric field, magnetic field, residential
Foliart DE et al. 2006 cohort study, prospective cohort study children, 1–15 years beginning in September 1996 - January 2001; event free time tracked until December 2004 USA acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, inhouse wiring, residential
Miller MA et al. 1995 meta-analysis men, women, children, 0–79 years - USA, Sweden, UK, leukemia and lymphoma, all cancer, childhood leukemia, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Meinert R et al. 1996 meta-analysis children, 0–19 years - USA, UK, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Greece, Mexico childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Greenland S et al. 2000 meta-analysis children, 0–14 years - USA, Canada, England, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Germany, Denmark, New Zealand, Mexico childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Angelillo IF et al. 1999 meta-analysis children, 0–20 years - USA, England, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Germany, Denmark, Greece, and New Zealand childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Wartenberg D 1998 meta-analysis children - USA, Taiwan, Australia, Mexico, Sweden, UK, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Netherlands, Greece childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Theriault G et al. 1997 meta-analysis men, women, children - - leukemia, childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Zhao L et al. 2014 meta-analysis children, 0–15 years 1962 - 2007 USA, Canada, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand all childhood leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Zhang Y et al. 2016 meta-analysis men, women, children 1960 - 2009 USA, Canada, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, France, Italy, Germany, UK, Japan, China, New Zealand, Brazil, Iran leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, breast cancer, other cancer, childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Su L et al. 2016 meta-analysis men, women, children, children in utero, 0–30 years 1953 - 2006 Sweden, Spain, UK, Germany, Russia, Canada, China, Taiwan, Australia childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Swanson J et al. 2019 meta-analysis children, 0–14 years - USA, Canada, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Mexico, Taiwan, Germany, Greece, New Zealand, Italy, UK, Japan, China, Iran, Brazil, Czech Republic, France, Malaysia childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Seomun G et al. 2021 meta-analysis children, 0–19 years 1960 - 2009 UK, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Italy, New Zealand, Canada, USA, Japan, Iran, Brazil, Czech Republic, Malaysia childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, low frequency, power transmission line, 50/60 Hz
Brabant C et al. 2023 meta-analysis children, 0–14 years 1950 - 2011 USA, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Greece, Norway, UK, Italy, Czech Republik, France, Denmark, Japan, Taiwan, Iran, Malaysia, New Zealand childhood leukemia magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, low frequency, electric blanket, other domestic appliance
Guo H et al. 2023 meta-analysis children - - childhood leukemia magnetic field, low frequency, power transmission line, residential, also other exposures without EMF