Study overviews

Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:

Epidemiological studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on children

337 studies in total
  1. Leukemia
    134 studies
  2. Other health effects
    89 studies
  3. Pregnancy outcomes
    88 studies
  4. Brain/CNS tumor
    68 studies
  5. Other types of cancer
    32 studies
  6. Lymphoma
    20 studies
  7. Cancer (unspecified)
    19 studies

Other health effects

89 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    70 studies
  2. Low frequency
    31 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    one study

Radio frequency 70 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Sudan M et al. 2016 cohort study women, children in utero, 7–11 years 1996 - 2002, follow-up at the age of 7 and 11 years Denmark emotional and behavioural difficulties mobile communications, mobile phone
Guxens M et al. 2019 cross-sectional study children, 5 years 2003 - 2010 The Netherlands emotional and behavioural problems mobile communications, mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, also other exposures without EMF
Hwang Y et al. 2016 cross-sectional study men, women, children, 14–18 years 2013 Korea eye symptoms: vision blurring, redness, visual disturbance, secretion, inflammation, lacrimation and dryness mobile phone, mobile communications
Bouyssi-Kobar M et al. 2015 cohort study women, children, children in utero, newborns, 0–4 years not stated USA functional skills in communication, daily living skills, socialization, motor skills; hearing and vision skills MRI
Chou IJ et al. 2014 cross-sectional study men, women, children, 7–60 years - UK general discomfort, dizziness, noisiness, claustrophobia and feeling of cold or warm MRI
Bektas H et al. 2022 - children, children in utero - Turkey general motor movements mobile communications, mobile phone
Meo SA et al. 2015 cross-sectional study children, 12–17 years not stated Saudi Arabia glycated hemoglobin (HbA<sub>1c</sub>) mobile phone base station, mobile communications, residential
Wang J et al. 2017 meta-analysis men, women, children, 7–70 years 1996 - 2014 China, Denmark, India, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, Taiwan headache mobile phone, mobile communications, analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, NMT, GSM
Farashi S et al. 2022 meta-analysis men, women, children, 6–80 years - - headache mobile communications, mobile phone
Milde-Busch A et al. 2010 cross-sectional study children, 13–17 years not stated Germany headache (migraine, tension-type headache, miscellaneous headache) mobile communications, digital mobile phone, personal
Zheng F et al. 2015 cross-sectional study children, 9–12 years October 2011 - May 2012 China headache, dizziness, fatigue, feeling low, heart beating fast, sleep disturbances mobile phone, mobile communications
Redmayne M et al. 2013 cross-sectional study children, 10–14 years June - October 2009 New Zealand headache, feeling low, sleeping difficulties, tinnitus mobile phone, mobile communications, DECT, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, personal
Heinrich S et al. 2010 cross-sectional study children, 8–17 years 2006 - 2008 Germany headache, irritation, nervousness, dizziness, fatigue and concentration problems mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, RF field, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, residential, personal
Mortazavi SM et al. 2011 cross-sectional study children, 6–16 years not stated Iran headache, myalgia, palpitation, fatigue, tinnitus, concentration problems, attention problems, nervousness mobile phone, mobile communications, cordless phone, PC/TV monitor
Schoeni A et al. 2016 cohort study men, women, children, 12–17 years 2012 - 2013, follow-up 1 year later Switzerland headache, tiredness, lack of concentration, exhaustibility, lack of energy and physical ill-being mobile phone base station, mobile communications, Radio/TV transmitter, residential
Schoeni A et al. 2017 cohort study men, women, children, 12–17 years 2012 - 2013, follow-up 2013 - 2014 Switzerland headache, tiredness, lack of concentration, exhaustibility, lack of energy and physical ill-being mobile phone, UMTS, GSM, mobile phone base station, mobile communications, cordless phone, Radio/TV transmitter, W-LAN/WiFi, personal, residential
Kücer N et al. 2014 survey men, women, children, 9–80 years 2011 Turkey headache, vertigo/dizziness, fatigue, forgetfulness, insomnia, tension-anxiety, joint and bone pain, lacrimation of the eyes, hearing loss and tinnitus, insomnia mobile phone, mobile communications, personal
Zaghloul NM et al. 2019 - men, women, children, 15–64 years 2018 Egypt headache, vision problems, ear problems, musculo-skeletal problems, psychological troubles, social impact, weight changes, sleep disturbances mobile communications, mobile phone
Chiu CT et al. 2015 cross-sectional study children, 11–15 years May 2010 - September 2010 Taiwan headaches/migraine and skin itches, insomnia, excess daytime sleepiness mobile phone, mobile communications, personal
Babu MA et al. 2023 survey men, women, children, 1–30 years - Bangladesh health effects (e.g. headache, poor eyesight, mental health, eating habit) mobile communications, mobile phone, W-LAN/WiFi, laptop/tablet
Felix OK et al. 2014 - men, women, children not stated Nigeria health effects (e.g., headache, loss of appetite), sleep disturbances mobile communications, mobile phone base station, GSM
Taziki Balajelini MH et al. 2022 - men, women, children - Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Spain und Brazil hearing impairment mobile communications, mobile phone
Sudan M et al. 2013 cohort study children, 0–7 years 1996 - 2002 Denmark hearing loss mobile phone, mobile communications, personal
Zheng F et al. 2014 cross-sectional study men, women, children, 12–20 years not stated China inattention mobile phone, mobile communications, personal
Papadopoulou E et al. 2017 cohort study women, children, children in utero, newborns, 0–5 years 1999 - 2008 Norway language skills, communication skills, motor skills mobile communications, mobile phone