Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albert EN et al. | 1988 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Chiang H et al. | 1987 | - | - | 3 GHz | 3.5 mW/g | repeated daily exposure, 5 h/day, see add. information | microwaves, low level microwaves, PW pulsed wave |
Paulraj R et al. | 2012 | - | - | 9.9 GHz | 1 W/kg | 2 h/day for 35 days | microwaves, radar |
Paulraj R et al. | 2012 | - | - | 16.5 GHz | 2.01 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day at 35 days (6 days/week) | low level microwaves, AM amplitude modulation |
Odaci E et al. | 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF |
Ikinci A et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Petitdant N et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure |
Kerimoglu G et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF |
Xu F et al. | 2016 | - | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Sharma A et al. | 2017 | - | - | 10 GHz | - | - | microwaves |
DastAmooz S et al. | 2018 | - | - | 2.4 GHz | - | - | W-LAN/WiFi, RF |
Kim JH et al. | 2021 | - | - | 1,760–1,850 MHz | - | - | RF |
Rashidova AM | 2021 | - | - | 460 MHz | - | - | microwaves |
Tan B et al. | 2022 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Bas O et al. | 2022 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | RF |
Jamakosmanovic A et al. | 1988 | - | - | - | - | - | CW continuous wave, microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Yucel H et al. | 2022 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, RF |
Drecun M et al. | 1989 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz, PW pulsed wave |
Guessab A et al. | 1983 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, radar |
Nakas M et al. | 1981 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Drecun M et al. | 1982 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Drecun M et al. | 1985 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Drecun M et al. | 1979 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Nakas M et al. | 1979 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Jamakosmanovic A et al. | 1979 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Besset D et al. | 2024 | - | - | - | - | - | RF |
Yip YP et al. | 1995 | animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> | - | 15 Hz | - | continuous for 6 hr | RF, magnetic field, static magnetic field, MRI |
Akefe IO et al. | 2023 | animal, mouse | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, RF, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Ghatei N et al. | 2017 | animal, mouse/BALB/c (pregnant females and young animal) | - | 900–1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications |
Zhang JP et al. | 2017 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body | - | 1.8 GHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF |
Kim JH et al. | 2024 | animal, mouse/ICR | - | 1,850 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF |
Sharma A et al. | 2017 | animal, mouse/Swiss albino (pregnant females) | - | 10 GHz | - | - | microwaves |
Ragbetli MC et al. | 2009 | animal, mouse/Swiss albino, whole body | number of pyramidal cells in the Cornu Ammonis | 890–915 MHz | 1.2 W/kg | 12 hr/day for 19 - 20 days (gestation period) + 20 days after birth (female offspring only) | mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Ragbetli MC et al. | 2010 | animal, mouse/Swiss albino, whole body | number of Purkinje cells and granule cells in the developing cerebellum | 890–915 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | continuous for 12 hr/day - 11 hr + 45 min. in stand-by mode, 15 min. in talking mode - for 19 - 20 days druing gestation | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Güler G et al. | 2010 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand White, whole body | lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in the brain | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days - from day 15 to day 22 of gestation | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Guler G et al. | 2016 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand White, whole body | - | 1,800 MHz | 18 mW/kg | - | GSM, mobile communications |
Furtado-Filho OV et al. | 2015 | animal, rat, whole body | oxidative damages of DNA, proteins and lipids in the cortex | 950 MHz | 0.35–1.32 W/kg | continuous for 30 min/day from the first day of gestation until birth | UHF fields |
Singh KV et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/ Wistar | - | 2,115 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
El-Kafoury BMA et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/ Wistar | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Okur ZH et al. | 2021 | animal, rat/ Wistar albino | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Kesari KK et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/ Wistar, whole body | DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain | 2,115 MHz | 0.26–0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Masuda H et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 1,457 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, PDC, microwaves |
Keleş Aİ et al. | 2019 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, RF, CW continuous wave |
Hong S et al. | 2020 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 800–1,900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Azimzadeh M et al. | 2020 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone base station |
Sahin A et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | - | 900 MHz | 0.024 W/kg | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Aslan A et al. | 2017 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | cerebellar morphology | 900 MHz | 0.01 W/kg | 1 hour/day for 25 consecutive days | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Ushiyama A et al. | 2007 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley | effects on blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability | 1.5 GHz | 0.5–10.4 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | PDC, TDMA, mobile communications |
Keleş Aİ et al. | 2018 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | - |
Albert EN et al. | 1981 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | density of Purkinje cells in developing rat brains | 100 MHz | 2–2.77 mW/g | 21 h/day for 5 days | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
This website uses cookies to provide you the best browsing experience. By continuing to use this website you accept our use of cookies.