Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zaun G et al. | 2014 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6J | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field, MRI |
Calis P et al. | 2021 | animal, rat/Wistar albino | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field, co-exposure |
Almášiová V et al. | 2021 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz, PW pulsed wave, microwave pulses |
Šimaiová V et al. | 2019 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Jaffar FHF et al. | 2022 | - | - | - | - | - | W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Gupta V et al. | 2022 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, low level microwaves |
Karadayi A et al. | 2023 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz |
Carnes KI et al. | 1996 | animal, mouse/ICR:HD, whole body | fetal growth, testicular development | 1 MHz | 1.5 mW/kg | continuous for 8 h on day 9 and/or day 12 of gestation | RF field, magnetic field, static magnetic field, MRI |
Brown-Woodman PD et al. | 1989 | - | - | 27.12 MHz | - | intermittent; 1h/day, 5days/week, for 5 weeks | RF field, microw. oven/heating device, therapeutic/medical device |
Ozlem Nisbet H et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | testicular function | 900 MHz | 0.011–3 mW/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 90 days | GSM, mobile communications |
Sehitoglu I et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Odaci E et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Turedi S et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Okatan DÖ et al. | 2018 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave |
Hanci H et al. | 2018 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF field |
Mugunthan N et al. | 2015 | animal, mouse/albino, whole body | - | 900–2,200 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Liu W et al. | 2012 | animal, mouse/albino Kunming | - | 935 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field |
Shahin S et al. | 2018 | animal, mouse/Swiss albino | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM |
Qin F et al. | 2021 | animal, C57BL/6J mouse | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave |
Imai N et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | testicular function | 1.95 GHz | 0.08–0.4 W/kg | continuous for 5 h/day, 7 days/week during 5 weeks | mobile phone, W-CDMA, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave |
Sommer AM et al. | 2009 | animal, mouse/C57BL, whole body | developmental parameters, reproductive ability in parental animals | 2 GHz | 0.08–1.3 W/kg | continuous for 570 days with a 30 min break each night | UMTS, mobile communications |
Atasoy HI et al. | 2013 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | effects on rat testes (oxidative stress, DNA damage) | 2.437 GHz | 0.091 W/kg | continuous for 24 h/day for 20 weeks | W-LAN/WiFi |
Gildersleeve RP et al. | 1987 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 4.03 nW/g | during first 12 days of embryogenesis ( egggs rotated every 2h) | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
McRee DI et al. | 1983 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 4.03 nW/g | 24 h/day, first 12 days of embryogenesis | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. | 2013 | animal, rat/Wistar-Han, whole body | malformation, histological examination of male reproductive system and of ovaries; number and distribution of resorption sites and fetuses | 2.45 GHz | 0.08–4 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day, 6 days/week for up to 36 days: 2 weeks (female) or 3 weeks (male) pre-mating + 3 weeks (all animals) post-mating | microwaves, PW pulsed wave, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz, wireless transmitter |
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