Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

843 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    298 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

298 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    145 studies
  2. Low frequency
    110 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    55 studies

Low frequency 110 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Reiter RJ et al. 1988 animal, rat (embryo and young animal), whole body - 60 Hz - repeated daily exposure for 23 days, 19 hr/day. electric field, 50/60 Hz
Salti R et al. 2006 - - - - - magnetic field, PC/TV monitor, not extractable
Selmaoui B et al. 1999 animal, rat/Wistar serum melatonin level and enzyme activities in the pineal gland 50 Hz - 18 hours/day for 1 week magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Shafey TM et al. 2006 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 20 Hz–100 kHz - not given in this article electric field, intermediate frequency, 50/60 Hz
Shafey TM et al. 2006 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body weight of the lymphoid organs and immune response in chickens 60 Hz - continuous for 18 days electric field, 50/60 Hz
Shakina LA et al. 2018 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (eggs) - 0 Hz–36.94 GHz - - millimeter waves, static magnetic field
Shen YH et al. 1997 animal, mouse/Swiss Webster, whole body development of lymphoma and leukemia 50 Hz - 3 h/day, 6 days/week for 16 weeks magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Singh S et al. 1999 animal, mouse/Swiss albino, whole body - 50 Hz - 8 h / day for 8 weeks magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Skarja M et al. 2009 - - - - - electric field
Soffritti M et al. 2010 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body mammary cancer 50 Hz - continuous for 19 h/day from day 12 of fetal life (pregnancy) until spontaneous death of offspring magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Soffritti M et al. 2016 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body occurrence of tumors in rats 50 Hz - continuous for 19 hours/day from the 12<sup>th</sup> day of pregnancy until death magnetic field, co-exposure
St-Pierre LS et al. 2007 - - 500 mHz - from day 3 before birth until day 14 after birth magnetic field
St-Pierre LS et al. 2008 - - - - - magnetic field
Stankevičiūtė M et al. 2019 invertebrate, animal, rainbow trout eggs/larvae (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), Baltic clam (<i>Limecola balthica</i>) and common ragworm (<i>Hediste diversicolor</i>), whole body genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in larval rainbow trout, Baltic clam and common ragworm 50 Hz - 12 days (invertebrates) or 40 days (fish larvae) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Su L et al. 2020 culture medium - 50 Hz - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Sun Y et al. 2018 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2), whole body effects on invertebrates: tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative stress - - circa 48 hours (from egg to the fourth larval stage) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Tahir E et al. 2024 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi, microwaves
Taormina B et al. 2019 invertebrate, European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>), whole body avoidance/attraction test and a test for exploratory and shelter seeking behavior - - 1 week (unclear whether animals were also exposed during test) (test for exploratory and shelter seeking behavior) and 45 minutes (avoidance/attraction test) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC, underground cable
Todorović D et al. 2020 invertebrate, nymphs of orange-spotted cockroach (<i>Blaptica dubia</i>) locomotor activity, body fat composition 50 Hz - 5 months static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Truong H et al. 1996 animal, DJungarian hamster (<i>Phodopus sungorus</i>), whole body - 60 Hz - 15 min/day for 25 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Udroiu I et al. 2006 animal, mouse/CD-1 Swiss, whole body clastogenic and aneugenic effects 50 Hz - 24 h/day for 21 days magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Udroiu I et al. 2015 animal, mouse/CD-1 Swiss (adults, fetuses and young animals), whole body DNA damage, teratogenicity 50 Hz - continuous form day 11.5 post conception to day 21 after birth (weaning) (30 days in total) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Ushiyama A et al. 2014 - - 21 kHz - - magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Vadeyar SH et al. 2000 human, whole body: embryo <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Vallejo D et al. 2001 animal, mouse/OF1, whole body leukemia 50 Hz - continuous during pregnancy and for 14-15 or 50-52 weeks after birth magnetic field, 50/60 Hz