Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

884 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    313 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    49 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Other

313 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    151 studies
  2. Low frequency
    117 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    59 studies

Radio frequency 151 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Shojaeifard MB et al. 2018 animal, rat/Wistar - - - - mobile communications, RF
Mohammadi B et al. 2021 animal, rat/Wistar - 50 Hz–900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Krivova NA et al. 2024 animal, rat/Wistar - 2.4 GHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone base station, 5G
Seewooruttun C et al. 2025 animal, rat/Wistar - 900 MHz–3.5 GHz - - mobile communications, 5G, GSM
de Gannes FP et al. 2009 animal, rat/Wistar WI, whole body teratogenic effects, immunological processes 2,450 MHz 0.16 W/kg continuous for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 30 days microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Grigoriev YG et al. 2010 animal, rat/Wistar WI, whole body teratogenic effects, immunological processes 2,450 MHz 0.16–9.9 W/kg continuous for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week for 30 days microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Kıran D et al. 2017 animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals) - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, digital mobile phone, mobile phone
Ciftci ZZ et al. 2015 animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), partial body: head development and composition of teeth in young rats 2.45 GHz 9 mW/kg continuous for 2 h/day during gestation (21 days) and up to 21 after birth W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Ozorak A et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), whole body oxidative stress (kidney and testis) and level of trace elements (kidney) 900 MHz 0.18–1.2 W/kg 60 min/day (5 days/week) during gestation and up to 6 weeks following delivery mobile phone, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Sangun O et al. 2015 animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), whole body growth and development of young rats 2.45 GHz 0.143 W/kg continuous for 1 hour/day during gestation until birth and after weaning until puberty RF, PW pulsed wave, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz