Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

884 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    313 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    49 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 144 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Keleş Aİ 2020 - - 900 MHz - - RF
Haghani M et al. 2020 animal, rat/Wistar - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, RF, PW pulsed wave
Dasgupta S et al. 2020 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - 3.5 GHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G, 5G, LTE
Balik MS et al. 2019 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryos and newborns) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, microwaves
Sahmelikoglu AG et al. 2019 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, shielding/field deprivation
Amandokht Saghezchi S et al. 2019 - - 2.4 GHz - - RF
Sabban IF et al. 2018 animal, rat/ Wistar - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Alimohammadi I et al. 2018 animal, mouse/NMRI (pregnant females) - 915 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, RF, co-exposure
Pawlak K et al. 2018 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Kantarcioglu E et al. 2018 animal, chicken/Super Nick (egg) - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
D'Silva MH et al. 2017 animal, chicken embryos/Gallus domesticus (eggs) - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, UHF fields
Woelders H et al. 2017 animal, chicken/Leghorn (eggs), whole body embryonic development 1.8 GHz 0.38–0.45 mW/kg 22 days mobile communications, GSM, UMTS, TDMA, FDMA, RF, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi
Shirai T et al. 2017 - - 800 MHz–5.2 GHz - - mobile communications, CDMA, RF, W-LAN/WiFi, co-exposure
Pais-Roldan P et al. 2016 animal, zebrafish embryos and larvae - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Boga A et al. 2016 animal, African clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) - - - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Wang Y et al. 2016 human, whole body - - - - MRI
Ye W et al. 2016 animal, chicken/Hy-Line Brown (egg) - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Zhang Y et al. 2014 animal, rat/Wistar (pregnant females and fetuses) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Boga A et al. 2014 animal, African clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) (embryos), whole body embryonic development of the African clawed frog 900 MHz 1 W/kg continuous for 4, 6 or 8 h GSM, mobile communications, RF, co-exposure
Zahedi Y et al. 2014 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Vagula M et al. 2013 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Odaci E et al. 2013 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body spinal cord morphology and motor activity in young rats 900 MHz - intermittent for 1 hour/day from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy mobile phone, mobile communications
Ikinci A et al. 2013 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body: <i>in utero</i> hippocampus morphology and learning behavior in rat pups 900 MHz - continuous for 1 h/day from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy mobile phone, mobile communications
Bas O et al. 2013 - - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Umur AS et al. 2013 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body development of the neural tube - 0.77 W/kg standby mode for 30, 48 or 72 hours mobile phone, mobile communications